长江科学院院报2026，Vol.43Issue(4)：210-215,6.DOI:10.11988/ckyyb.20250079
水玻璃改性聚氨酯发泡灌浆材料的制备与性能研究
Preparation and Properties of Polyurethane Foam Grouting Material Modified by Waterglass
摘要
Abstract
[Objective]Grouting has been recognized as an effective solution for water inrush treatment in under-ground engineering.Organic grouting materials such as polyurethane(PU)are strongly adhesive but expensive,whereas inorganic grouting materials such as waterglass(WG)are cheap but have low elasticity.To improve the performance of polyurethane grouting materials,we investigated the influence of waterglass content on the macro-scopic and microscopic properties of polyurethane.[Methods]Polyphenyl polymethylene polyisocyanate(PAPI),waterglass,and polyether polyol were used as the basic raw materials,and the inorganic/organic hybrid method was adopted to prepare polyurethane foam grouting material modified by waterglass.The influence of waterglass content by weight(0,20％,40％,60％,80％)on the foaming rate,density,and compressive strength of the modified polyu-rethane was investigated.A fitting relationship between polyurethane density and elastic modulus was established.Scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and thermogravimetric analysis(TGA)were used to measure the influence of waterglass content on the cross-sectional morphology and thermal stability of materials.[Results](1)Macroscopic property results showed that,with increasing waterglass content,both the foaming rate and compressive strength first increased and then decreased.When the waterglass content was 20％,the foaming rate and compressive strength reached maximum.Under this condition,the foaming rate was 2 684％,and the compressive strength at 7 d was 38.9 MPa.In addition,the heat released by the reaction increased the instability of the cell structure and even caused cell collapse,resulting in decreases in foaming rate and compressive strength.Notably,when the density changed from 1.102 g/cm3 to 0.959 g/cm3,the compressive strength of materials decreased by approximately 70％.Based on the experimental results,the fitting relationship between the density and elastic modulus of the modified polyurethane was obtained as E ∝ρ1.8.(2)The results of scanning electron microscopy showed that,with increasing waterglass content,the smooth polyurethane surface was gradually covered by an amorphous inorganic phase sur-rounding the spherical cells.The structure of the materials eventually became loose and porous.(3)TGA results showed that the thermal stability of the modified polyurethane was better than that of pure polyurethane.The TG curve showed that when T＜80℃,the thermal mass loss of the materials was only about 5％,indicating that the ini-tial decomposition temperature of the materials was about 80℃.When T＞600℃,the curve became stable,mean-ing that the modified polyurethane with waterglass content of 0,20％,40％,60％,and 80％lost approximately 84％,77％,72％,65％,and 53％of their mass,respectively.The curves then tended to stabilize,indicating that the incorporation of waterglass could enhance the thermal stability of polyurethane.(4)DTG(Differential Thermo-gravimetry)curve showed that the mass loss rate of polyurethane was significantly higher than that of the modified polyurethane.This was attributed to the fact that the inorganic components precipitated in the reaction system were encapsulated on the surface of polyurethane matrix.The presence of Si-O bonds increased the intermolecular forces,resulting in the need for more energy to cause thermal decomposition of the materials.Therefore,the addition of wa-terglass effectively reduced the thermal decomposition rate of polyurethane.[Conclusion]Polyurethane/waterglass(PU/WG)is an organic-inorganic hybrid material that has the advantages of both polyurethane and waterglass.A-nalysis of the relationship between waterglass content and the macroscopic and microscopic properties of the modi-fied polyurethane shows that the addition of waterglass helps increase the foaming rate,compressive strength,and thermal stability of polyurethane.These findings offer data support for the performance improvement and system op-timization of the modified oil-soluble polyurethane grouting materials.关键词
引水隧洞/突涌水/聚氨酯/水玻璃改性/发泡灌浆材料/扫描电子显微镜(SEM)/热重分析(TGA)/抗压强度Key words
headrace tunnel/water inrush/polyurethane/waterglass modification/foam grouting materials/scan-ning electron microscopy(SEM)/thermogravimetric analysis(TGA)/compressive strength分类
建筑与水利引用本文复制引用
王雷雨,肖碧,郑小康,邵晓妹,陈亮..水玻璃改性聚氨酯发泡灌浆材料的制备与性能研究[J].长江科学院院报,2026,43(4):210-215,6.基金项目
水利部重大科技项目(SKS-2022106) （SKS-2022106）
长江设计集团有限公司自主创新项目(CX2021Z01) （CX2021Z01）
长江设计公司自主研发项目(CX2023Z02-1) （CX2023Z02-1）
南方电网储能股份有限公司科研项目(0295002024030301GC00010) （0295002024030301GC00010）
