摘要
Abstract
To ensure unimpeded migration pathways for the Class II nationally protected species Anguilla marmorata(Marbled Eel)and semi-migratory fish species like silver carp(Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)and bighead carp(Aristichthys nobilis)(with critical swimming speed≤1.0 m/s)downstream of the Hanjiang Gaobei Hydro Project,this study constructed a multi-scale(1∶4 for fishway sections,1∶10 for the entire fishway,and 1∶85 for the entire project)normal hydraulic physical model based on Froude similarity criteria.A coordinated optimization methodology termed the"Four Adjustments"was proposed:adjusting structure(optimizing the size combination of baffle orifices),adjusting flow pattern(improving flow regime and velocity distribution),adjusting layout(modifying the position and form of inlets/outlets),and adjusting inlet(creating a low-velocity zone).Through optimizing baffle orifice sizes,adding a mid-level water intake,installing energy-dissipating piles to reduce inlet velocity,and optimizing outlet operation management,key issues in the baseline scheme were successfully resolved.These issues included poor hydraulic connectivity within the fishway,mismatch between inlets/outlets and water levels,and excessively high inlet velocity(>1.7 m/s).Model tests and operational monitoring in 2023 confirmed that post-optimization,the maximum velocity at key orifices within the fishway was≤0.84 m/s with smooth flow.A low-velocity activity zone(<1.0 m/s)formed in the inlet area,significantly enhancing the upstream passage efficiency for various fish species(including target juvenile fish),achieving a daily net upstream passage of approximately 328 individuals.The methodology system established in this study,based on multi-scale physical model testing and the coordinated"Four Adjustments"optimization,can provide an effective technical reference for the design optimization and operational management of efficient fish passage facilities in large-scale hydro projects.关键词
高陂水利枢纽/花鳗鲡/洄游/鱼道/多尺度/物理模型/横隔板/上溯效率/过鱼设施Key words
Gaobei water control project/marbled eel(anguilla marmorata)/fish migration/fishway/multi-scale/physical model/baffles/upstream passage efficiency/fish passage facilities分类
建筑与水利
