口腔疾病防治2026，Vol.34Issue(4)：395-404,10.DOI:10.12016/j.issn.2096-1456.202550154
牙龈成纤维细胞在牙周炎发病机制中的作用研究进展
Research advances on the role of gingival fibroblasts in the pathogenesis of periodontitis
摘要
Abstract
Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease triggered by periodontal pathogens and mediated by im-mune responses.Traditionally,gingival fibroblasts(GFs)were considered to be primarily responsible for maintaining periodontal matrix homeostasis.However,recent studies reveal that GFs play a significant immunoregulatory role in periodontitis.Through signaling pathways,such as the Toll-like receptor 4(TLR4)pathway,GFs recognize virulence fac-tors from pathogens,such as Porphyromonas gingivalis,and secrete various inflammatory mediators,thus driving extra-cellular matrix degradation and osteoclast differentiation.Simultaneously,GFs modulate immune cells,including neutro-phils and macrophages,amplifying inflammatory responses and fostering a chronic inflammatory microenvironment.Risk factors,such as hyperglycemia and smoking,exacerbate GFs dysfunction via oxidative stress-mediated activation of the nuclear factor kappa B(NF-κB)pathway and other mechanisms,while inflammation and cellular senescence form a vicious cycle.Senescent GFs further aggravate alveolar bone destruction by activating the mechanistic target of the ra-pamycin(mTOR)pathway.Therapeutic strategies targeting GFs,such as suppressing NF-κB signaling or modulating mTOR-mediated senescence,may disrupt the link between inflammation and tissue destruction,showing promising therapeutic potential.Future studies should employ advanced technologies such as spatial multi-omics and single-cell proteomics to elucidate the spatial distribution,functional interactomes,and heterogeneity of GFs subsets,in order to deepen our understanding of their roles in periodontitis progression.This review summarizes the multifaceted mecha-nisms of GFs in periodontitis and explores potential therapeutic strategies targeting GFs,offering novel insights for peri-odontitis prevention and treatment.关键词
牙周炎/牙龈卟啉单胞菌/牙龈成纤维细胞/中性粒细胞/巨噬细胞/免疫调控/细胞衰老/Toll样受体4/核因子κB/哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白Key words
periodontitis/Porphyromonas gingivalis/gingival fibroblasts/neutrophils/macrophages/im-mune regulation/cellular senescence/Toll-like receptor 4/nuclear factor kappa B/mammalian target of rapamy-cin分类
医药卫生引用本文复制引用
张永春,田艾..牙龈成纤维细胞在牙周炎发病机制中的作用研究进展[J].口腔疾病防治,2026,34(4):395-404,10.基金项目
国家自然科学基金项目(82260193) This study was supported by the grants from National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82260193). （82260193）
