口腔疾病防治2026，Vol.34Issue(4)：405-416,12.DOI:10.12016/j.issn.2096-1456.202550258
牙髓干细胞神经向分化方案及机制研究进展
Research progress on neural differentiation protocols and mechanisms of dental pulp stem cells
摘要
Abstract
Dental pulp stem cells(DPSCs)are a type of adult stem cell with abundant sources,easy accessibility,multipotent differentiation potential,and low immunogenicity.In recent years,they have attracted considerable attention due to their promising applications in repairing neural tissue injuries.Under specific induction conditions,DPSCs can directly differentiate into neuron-like cells and exert neuroprotective,immunomodulatory,anti-inflammatory,and anti-apoptotic effects through the paracrine secretion of neurotrophic and immunomodulatory factors.DPSCs can also be combined with biomaterial scaffolds such as hydrogels,chitosan,and polylactic acid,thereby enhancing neural differen-tiation efficiency and regenerative outcomes.However,their clinical application in neural repair still faces challenges,including poor microenvironmental adaptability,low differentiation efficiency and controllability,immune rejection,dif-ficulties in large-scale production and quality control,and a lack of standardized operational protocols.Future research should focus on optimizing the adaptability of DPSCs to the injury microenvironment,improving their neural differentia-tion efficiency,strengthening immune regulation to ensure the safety of allogeneic transplantation,establishing GMP-compliant cell preparation and quality control systems,and developing standardized clinical procedures combined with multicenter trials to validate efficacy,thereby promoting the efficient,safe,and reproducible clinical translation of DPSCs in neural regeneration.This review summarizes the research progress on the neural differentiation of DPSCs,with an emphasis on strategies and molecular mechanisms for promoting neural regeneration,the challenges in clinical translation,and future development directions,aiming to provide a theoretical basis for research on the neural differen-tiation of DPSCs.关键词
牙髓干细胞/神经分化/神经元样细胞/旁分泌作用/生物支架/再生医学/信号通路/临床转化/免疫调节Key words
dental pulp stem cells/neuronal differentiation/neuron-like cells/paracrine effects/biomaterial scaffolds/regenerative medicine/signaling pathways/clinical translation/immunomodulation分类
医药卫生引用本文复制引用
王新璇,罗海芸,曹帅帅,易柏成..牙髓干细胞神经向分化方案及机制研究进展[J].口腔疾病防治,2026,34(4):405-416,12.基金项目
广东省基础与应用基础研究基金项目(2024A1515030249,2022A1515110441) （2024A1515030249,2022A1515110441）
深圳市高等院校稳定支持计划(20231121233246001) （20231121233246001）
深圳市优秀科技人才培养项目(RCBS20221008093233049) （RCBS20221008093233049）
深圳市宝安区医疗卫生科研项目(2024JD104) This study was supported by the grants from Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation Project(No.2024A1515030249,No.2022A1515110441) （2024JD104）
Stable Support Project of Shenzhen(No.20231121233246001) （No.20231121233246001）
Shenzhen Outstanding Scientific and Technological Talent Training Program(No.RCBS20221008093233049) （No.RCBS20221008093233049）
Shenzhen Bao'an District Medical and Health Research Project(No.2024JD104). （No.2024JD104）
