摘要
Abstract
Since the 2022 Ukraine crisis,the U.S.,Russia,and Europe have waged an intense energy contest and energy is the significant resource among them,elevating energy to a parallel battlefield alongside conventional warfare.The EU has been the most proactive,using sanctions to curb Russia while accelerating its own energy system development.Russia has focused on counteraction and self-preservation by restructuring its foreign energy trade.The U.S.has emerged as the biggest winner by constraining Russia while capturing a larger share of the European market.Marked by frequent tough measures,innovative tactics,broad reach,and escalating brinkmanship,this energy rivalry has evolved into a full-spectrum contest of comprehensive national power,presenting a fundamentally new landscape.Key events offer deep theoretical insights into whether energy transitions can hedge against security risks,the continued relevance of the"energy weapon",the market-politics tension,and how to wield national power in strategic competition.These lessons inform China's future participation in international energy competition and cooperation across such four dimensions as concepts,policies,technologies,and actions.关键词
乌克兰危机/能源博弈/能源体系/能源安全/能源武器Key words
the Ukraine crisis/energy geopolitics/energy systems/energy security/energy weapon分类
管理科学
