寒旱农业科学2026，Vol.5Issue(4)：312-316,5.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.2097-2172.2026.04.004
河西荒漠区露地西瓜有机生态型无土栽培基质配方研究
Research on the Formulation of Organic and Ecotype Soilless Cultivation Substrate for Open-field Watermelon Production in the Hexi Desert Areas
摘要
Abstract
To address the challenges of high evaporation,drastic temperature fluctuations,and unstable physicochemical prop-erties of substrates in open-field cultivation,this study screened for an optimal organic ecotype soilless cultivation substrate formula for watermelon in the desert area of the Hexi Corridor in Gansu Province.The aim is to provide a technical basis for the resource utilization of agricultural waste and the achievement of high-yield,high-quality watermelon cultivation in open fields.Using fermented Hypsizygus marmoreus(seafood mushroom)spent substrate,attapulgite,fermented cow manure,and fermented corn straw as the main raw materials,4 organic ecotype soilless cultivation substrate formulations were prepared with different volume ratios:T1(cow manure 35%+spent mushroom substrate 25%+straw 20%+attapulgite 5%+sand 15%),T2(cow manure 35%+spent mushroom substrate 35%+straw 15%+attapulgite 10%+sand 5%),T3(cow manure 25%+spent mushroom substrate 30%+straw 25%+attapulgite 10%+sand 10%),and T4(cow manure 30%+spent mushroom substrate 25%+straw 25%+attapulgite 0%+sand 20%).The physicochemical properties of the different substrates,agronomic traits of the watermelon plants,yield,and fruit sugar content at the centre of the flesh were deter-mined.The effects of each treatment were comprehensively evaluated using analysis of variance.Results showed that all substrate treat-ments were weakly alkaline(pH 8.43 to 8.55).Treatment T3 exhibited the best physicochemical properties,with the lowest bulk density(0.887 g/cm2),the highest porosity(54.56%),and the lowest electrical conductivity(EC)(2.45 mS/cm).The watermelon plants in the T3 treatment using cow manure 25%+spent mushroom substrate 30%+straw 25%+attapulgite 10%+sand 10%showed good agronomic traits,achieving a single fruit weight of 1.58 kg and the highest yield of 4 4410 kg/ha.Overall,the treatment with the substrate formula of cow manure 25%+spent mushroom substrate 30%+straw 25%+attapulgite 10%+sand 10%effectively improves the substrate's aera-tion and water-holding capacity,reduces soluble salt content,and creates an excellent rhizosphere environment for watermelon root growth,thereby achieving high yield.This formulation can be recommended as a suitable organic ecotype soilless cultivation substrate for open-field watermelon in the desert area of the Hexi Corridor,Gansu Province.关键词
西瓜/有机生态型/无土栽培/基质配方/河西走廊荒漠区Key words
Watermelon/Organic ecotype/Soilless cultivation/Substrate formula/Hexi Corridor desert area分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
王海山,边开奇,金永生,何凯,熊鹰,邓浩亮,王勤礼..河西荒漠区露地西瓜有机生态型无土栽培基质配方研究[J].寒旱农业科学,2026,5(4):312-316,5.基金项目
张掖市市级科技计划项目(ZY2024JS27) （ZY2024JS27）
张掖市重大技术攻关揭榜挂帅项目(ZY2024JBGS02). （ZY2024JBGS02）
