河北科技大学学报2026，Vol.47Issue(2)：145-157,13.DOI:10.7535/hbkd.2026yx02004
基于分层多智能体的轨道车辆装配协同调度优化研究
Research on hierarchical multi-agent-based collaborative scheduling optimization for rail vehicle assembly
摘要
Abstract
To deal with the scheduling problem in rail vehicle assembly,where assembly line task allocation is complex and car body components require frequent cross-station transfers relying on trolleys,this study proposed an end-to-end hierarchical multi-agent deep reinforcement learning framework for scheduling optimization.Firstly,the allocation of assembly tasks across multiple assembly lines was modeled as a sequential decision problem.The high-level agent encoded the assembly task and line features using a Transformer and generated line assignment strategies with a Pointer Network.Secondly,the lower-level agents coordinated the selection of operations,station assignments,and dolly scheduling,and used Graph Attention Networks to extract relational features from heterogeneous nodes.Finally,multiple comparison experiments were conducted to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.The results show that the method achieves optimal scheduling across different instance scales.The coordination of low-level agent strategies achieves an average maximum makespan gap of 11.36%,which outperforms the 15.00%achieved by the graph isomorphism network method,and the method provides high-quality scheduling with computation efficiency significantly higher than the Late Acceptance Hill Climbing algorithm.The proposed hierarchical collaborative scheduling framework achieves unified modeling and coordinated optimization of assembly task assignment and multi-resource scheduling,providing an efficient and adaptable intelligent optimization approach for rail vehicle assembly sched-uling.关键词
计算机辅助制造/轨道车辆装配/深度强化学习/多智能体/分层协同调度Key words
computer aided manufacturing/rail vehicle assembly/deep reinforcement learning/multi-agent/hierarchical collaborative scheduling分类
信息技术与安全科学引用本文复制引用
马治林,郭鹏,王祺欣,张志瑶,廖秋涵,朱东,马永敬,孙轶杰..基于分层多智能体的轨道车辆装配协同调度优化研究[J].河北科技大学学报,2026,47(2):145-157,13.基金项目
国家自然科学基金(52405220) （52405220）
四川省自然科学基金(2024ZHCG0028) （2024ZHCG0028）
