河海大学学报（哲学社会科学版）2026，Vol.28Issue(2)：119-128,10.DOI:10.3876/j.issn.1671-4970.2026.02.011
预防性环境民事公益诉讼的制度证成及法律适用
The Institutional Proof and Legal Application of Preventive Environmental Civil Public Interest Litigation
摘要
Abstract
The establishment of preventive environmental civil public interest litigation reflects the trend of the guiding ideology for China's environmental legislation gradually shifting from"post relief"to"pre-prevention".Preventive environmental civil public interest litigation emphasizes risk prevention rather than damage relief.It not only supplements the preventive function of environmental public interest litigation but also meets the practical needs of preventing environmental damage risks at present,which renders it legitimate.Given its characteristics,the traditional civil litigation regulations that focus on relief functions cannot be directly applied,and the construction of the system should distinguish it from traditional remedial environmental civil public interest litigation in terms of constituent elements,evidentiary rules,and liability bearing methods.First,the particularity of the constituent elements of preventive environmental civil public interest litigation is mainly reflected in the determination of"significant risks".The basic object of"major risks"should be limited to environmental public interests,and the determination of major risks should be mainly based on the court and supplemented by administrative agencies,taking into account factors such as the possibility,severity,and urgency of damage occurrence.Second,in terms of evidence rules,it should be distinguished from general environmental infringement litigation,with a reasonable allocation of the burden of proof and clear standards of proof.Third,the plaintiff provides preliminary evidence of the facts to be proved in the pre-trial stage,while the defendant needs to provide counter evidence of the presumption of causality in the trial stage.Fourth,in terms of the liability bearing methods,the extension of preventive responsibility can be achieved through flexible use of the prohibition order system and the addition of alternative responsibilities,aiming to effectively connect environmental justice with environmental administrative law enforcement.关键词
预防性诉讼/环境民事公益诉讼/事前预防/环境风险Key words
preventive litigation/environmental civil public interest litigation/advance prevention/environmental risk引用本文复制引用
崇章,陈广华..预防性环境民事公益诉讼的制度证成及法律适用[J].河海大学学报（哲学社会科学版）,2026,28(2):119-128,10.基金项目
国家自然科学基金项目(72472045) （72472045）
江苏省人民检察院检察理论研究课题(2024SJB35) （2024SJB35）
江苏省学习贯彻党的二十大精神专题研究项目(SJZT202312) （SJZT202312）
