江苏农业学报2026，Vol.42Issue(3)：492-505,14.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-4440.2026.03.007
氮高效水稻实现减氮、增产和高氮肥利用率的途径与原因分析
Analysis of the pathways and reasons for nitrogen-efficient rice achieving reduced nitrogen input,increased yield,and high nitrogen use efficiency
摘要
Abstract
To investigate the differences in grain yield,nitrogen(N)uptake and utilization,and root traits between two rice varieties differing in nitrogen use efficien-cy(NUE)under reduced-N conditions,four experiments were conducted.The experiments examined the effects of the number of seedlings per hill,N application rate,the interaction between N application and planting density,and the ratio of basal to topdressing N application to identify the technical pathways and supporting cultivation practices for achieving high yield in N-efficient rice variety.Results indicated that the N-efficient rice variety demonstrated significantly higher yield potential than the N-inefficient rice variety under both zero-N and various medium-to-low N application levels,with an average yield increase of 25.28％.Under 25％N reduction condition,its grain yield exceeded the five-year average yield in Jiangsu province by 16.63％.The treatment of 3.15×105 hills per hectare,three seedlings per hill,and a 6∶4 basal to topdressing ratio achieved the highest yield,mainly due to higher grains per panicle,1 000-grain weight,and seed setting rate.The N-efficient rice variety also exhibited significantly higher leaf area index(LAI),sink capacity,and biological yield.Across all N treatments,the N-efficient rice variety exhibited clear advantages in N accumulation and NUE at heading stage and maturation stage.The N-efficient rice variety also displayed significantly superior root traits compared with N-inefficient rice variety,including a greater number of adventitious roots per plant,longer total root length,thicker roots,higher root dry weight,larger total and active root absorption areas.In conclusion,the N-efficient rice variety showed clear advantages in both grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency.Under an appropriate planting density,a 25％reduction in N application still resulted in a yield significantly higher than the provincial average over the past five years.The high yield and efficiency of the N-efficient rice is primarily attributed to its well-developed root system,strong root activity,optimized source-sink characteristics,high biomass production,and strong nitrogen uptake capacity.关键词
氮高效水稻/栽培措施/产量/氮素吸收/氮素利用/根系性状Key words
nitrogen-efficient rice/cultivation treatments/yield/nitrogen absorption/nitrogen utilization/root trait分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
董桂春,舒小伟,李杰,姚友礼,黄建晔,霍晓晴,李万元,周娟,王嘉宁,陈辰,马恩伟,杨瑞,王子涵..氮高效水稻实现减氮、增产和高氮肥利用率的途径与原因分析[J].江苏农业学报,2026,42(3):492-505,14.基金项目
国家重点研发计划项目(2024YFD2300301-01) （2024YFD2300301-01）
江苏省农业重大技术协同推广计划项目(2023-ZYXT-03-2) （2023-ZYXT-03-2）
常州市水稻产业技术集成创新中心项目[CAIC(2023)005] （2023）
