露天采矿技术2026，Vol.41Issue(2)：19-27,9.DOI:10.13235/j.cnki.ltcm.20250261
原核微生物助力露天矿山生态修复的研究进展
Research progress on prokaryotic microorganisms facilitating ecological restoration in open-pit mines
摘要
Abstract
Coal as an important pillar industry for economic and social development,play a crucial role in energy supply and industrial production security.However,mining activities seriously damage the structure and function of the soil in mines.The research is based on a literature review,analyzing the use of characteristics of prokaryotic microorganisms such as cyanobacteria for ecological restoration and management in mining areas,aiming to restore ecological balance,support sustainable development in mining areas,and achieve synergy between mining economy and ecological protection.The article summarizes the main ways in which prokaryotic microorganisms such as cyanobacteria promote ecological restoration in mining areas:① Nitrogen fixation and fertilizer enhancement:by virtue of their strong nitrogen fixation capacity,they convert nitrogen in the air into ammonia nitrogen that plants can absorb,supplementing soil nitrogen nutrition and improving the poor soil condition.② Enhance soil agglomeration.The polysaccharides secreted during growth and reproduction can act as natural binders,binding dispersed soil particles into stable aggregates through physical adsorption and chemical combination.③ To control heavy metal pollution,heavy metal ions are transported into cells through intracellular accumulation,and then metabolized into less toxic or non-toxic forms,or precipitated to form insoluble precipitates,reducing the mobility and bioavailability of heavy metals.The results show that the above-mentioned remediation methods have achieved remarkable effects:the soil nitrogen content has increased,fertility has been enhanced,agglomeration and structural stability have improved,and soil erosion has been curbed.The activity and toxicity of heavy metals in the mining area have decreased.The overall ecological environment of the mining area has been gradually restored and balanced,creating favorable conditions for vegetation growth.This not only provides a solid ecological guarantee for the sustainable development of the coal mining area but also highlights the broad application prospects of prokaryotic microorganisms such as cyanobacteria in the field of ecological restoration in the mining area.关键词
露天矿山/生态修复/原核微生物/重金属/土壤Key words
open-pit coal mine/ecological restoration/prokaryotic microorganism/heavy metal/soil分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
罗亚勇,郭英杰,赵田明,赵美玲,王亮,白宇,石光,赵鑫宇..原核微生物助力露天矿山生态修复的研究进展[J].露天采矿技术,2026,41(2):19-27,9.基金项目
国家自然科学基金资助项目(42275132,4214202) （42275132,4214202）
中国科学院"西部之光"人才培养引进计划资助项目(E529050201) （E529050201）
蒙东矿业科技专项资助项目(蒙东矿业[2024]254) （蒙东矿业[2024]254）
