南方建筑Issue(4)：22-32,11.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-0232.2026.04.003
西江山地型小流域聚落景观的旱涝适应性机制与水利智慧
Drought and Flood Adaptability Mechanism and Water Conservancy Wisdom of Settlement Landscape in Xijiang Small Mountainous Watershed:A Case Study Based on the Danan River Basin in Guangdong Province
摘要
Abstract
This study examines the adaptability of the settlement landscape and the characteristics of water conservancy culture under the dual stresses of drought and flood in the small,mountainous Xijiang River watershed.It also reveals the adaptive mechanism of the"engineering-ecology-society"coordination in the watershed's human settlement system,thus enabling theoretical and practical references for renewing the human settlement environment and water culture heritage in similar areas.The Danan River Basin,a tributary of the Xijiang River in Guangdong Province,was chosen as the research object. The landscape pattern and water conservancy facilities of the human settlement system in the basin were systematically analyzed by combining GIS(geographic information system)spatial analysis and historical literature research.First,the basin was divided into the upstream highland mountainous area and the downstream lowland valley area using a DEM(digital elevation model)at the boundary of the 40 m contour line.Secondly,the dominant risk differences and adaptation strategies of different areas were analyzed according to geomorphological zoning and water conservancy facility types,and rural settlement texture.Finally,the human-land coordination mechanism under drought and flood stresses was analyzed thoroughly from the perspectives of systematic integration of water conservancy facilities at the basin level and micro-adaptation of rural settlement patterns. This study concludes that:(1)The adaptation strategies of the Danan River Basin show remarkable spatial differences.In the upstream highland mountainous area,drought was the main stressor,and a pond system of"high pond closure and low pond water storage"was formed.The settlements were distributed in strips or clusters to highlight rainwater usage.The downstream river valley area was mainly threatened by floods that were controlled by engineering measures,such as embankment regulation,bending,and straightening.The settlements were built in higher terrain areas in accordance with the mountains and waters. (2)A network system for coordinating"reservoir-aqueduct-pond"multi-scale water conservancy facilities was formed in the small watershed.Reservoirs formed the core of water storage and flood regulation at the basin scale.Tunnels cut through ridges to realize cross-terrain water conveyance.An aqueduct completed the terminal water distribution.The pond system adjusted storage and irrigation in village units,building the full-basin life network of"water collection-water conveyance-water storage-water distribution"through spatial embedding and functional complementation. (3)Efficient rainwater diversion and recycling microsystems formed in settlements through the comb layouts and fine configuration of ponds and dams.In the upstream areas,Shuimei Village has adopted a water-surrounded spatial pattern,which establishes a natural hydrological buffer zone near the peripheral river channels and pond systems.This guarantees the ordered collection of rainwater through the internal drainage network.In the downstream areas,Cha Village has established a pond chain based on mountain streams and built a dam system that runs through the village,meeting the daily needs of agricultural water production.These facilities can be transformed into flood diversion and drainage channels during the flood season. (4)Since the founding of the People's Republic of China,water conservancy construction has significantly improved water storage,flood control,and drought prevention in river basins.Projects like the Gongcheng Reservoir have virtually eliminated drought risks,and the once-in-a-century flood peak has been reduced by more than 70%.However,it has also brought new challenges.The reservoir inundated 17 villages,forcing thousands of people to migrate to other areas and leading to the relocation and concentration of settlements.In 1975,the river course was cut and straightened to reduce the river length by 15%,which raised the county's flood control standard to once in 20 years.Nevertheless,the steep riverbed and increasing flow velocity intensified erosion at the foot of the embankment,thus increasing the requirements on embankment quality and management. The adaptive landscape of the Danan River Basin has witnessed the co-evolution of man and nature.The drought adaptation model of the upstream pond system and the flood adaptation model of the downstream embankment system constitute the"drought and flood coexistence"response system.The multi-scale water conservancy facilities network coordination breaks through the traditional limitations and achieves the optimal allocation of water resources.The comb layout in the settlement and the fine configuration of the pond system take advantage of the situation to transform disaster risk into ecological productivity.The study reveals the drought and flood adaptation model of rural settlements in small mountainous watersheds,providing a reference for the renewal of human settlements in similar areas.In the context of transforming the human-land relationship in the river basin,the key paths for the sustainable development of water culture are:systematic exploration of local history,scientific formulation of protection strategies,innovation,and inheritance of ecological wisdom.关键词
流域人居系统/山地型小流域/大南河/旱涝并存/水利智慧Key words
watershed human settlements system/mountainous small watershed/Danan River/drought-flood coexistence/water conservancy wisdom分类
建筑与水利引用本文复制引用
钟伟强,许思妍,温淑宇,熊巧,鲍梓婷..西江山地型小流域聚落景观的旱涝适应性机制与水利智慧[J].南方建筑,2026,(4):22-32,11.基金项目
广州市哲学社会科学"十四五"规划课题(2024GZYB15):岭南自然与历史文化景观特征识别与数字化平台构建——以广州市为例 （2024GZYB15）
国家自然科学基金项目(52378055):实施国土空间分区管制的区划分类框架构建与管制规则的结构研究. （52378055）
