南方建筑Issue(4)：44-54,11.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-0232.2026.04.005
杭州金衙庄园林流变与阶段特征研究
Research on the Evolution and Phase Characteristics of the Jinyazhuang Garden in Hangzhou
摘要
Abstract
Jinyazhuang was one of the most representative private gardens in Hangzhou during the Ming and Qing dynasties.Located within the Qingchun Gate in the eastern part of the city,it was praised by Gong Zizhen as"the fourth among the most celebrated gardens in heaven"and thus held a revered place in the history of the Hangzhou gardens.Existing studies on Jinyazhuang are mostly historical descriptions that lack a systematic review of its evolution over 400 years from the perspective of garden history.In addition,the spatial characteristics and evolution of the cultural connotations of Jinyazhuang in different historical phases have not been analyzed deeply,thus failing to fully disclose the internal mechanisms of context continuation. Classical gardens are not static entities but dynamic forms that are continuously reshaped by historical change.Tracing the evolutionary trajectories of classical gardens is significant for understanding the development of mechanisms in private gardens developed in South China and for exploring heritage values.Hence,the study offers a systematic review of the complete evolution of Jinyazhuang since the Ming dynasty,including an analysis of the staged characteristics of its spatial forms and cultural connotations.The internal mechanism of its context continuation was disclosed from the perspective of cultural memory.Based on historical literature(i.e.,Dongcheng Zaji,Gengxin Qihang Lu,and Langji Congtan)and image data(Gaoyuan Yaji Tu and Gaoyuan Kehua Tujuan),Gaoyuan garden images from different periods were examined hierarchically,and their spatial translation was carried out through a literature review and image-text mutual verification,thus reproducing the plane diagram of the garden.Moreover,the characteristics of garden layouts in various phases were analyzed.The internal logic of the garden's evolution and the mechanism of its cultural inheritance were analyzed systematically by introducing cultural memory theory from the perspectives of physical space,textual records,and spiritual culture.The study clarifies the complete evolutionary history of Jinyazhuang from its establishment during the Wanli reign of the Ming dynasty to its demolition in 1959.Over four centuries,it underwent more than ten changes of ownership and name,along with repeated shifts in functions.Its developmental trajectory can be traced from a reclusive,private estate in the Ming dynasty to an exquisite literati garden in the early Qing;from there,to a site of repeated decline and renewal in the mid-Qing to a public commemorative shrine in the late Qing,and finally a modern urban public park. The characteristics of the garden's construction,including the spatial layout of"city wall and river symbiosis,"the core skeleton of the"living water system,"and the ancient tree and vegetation landscape,can be seen running through the evolution process.Its cultural connotations evolved from the ideal of urban seclusion in the Ming dynasty to a layered complex of themes,including filial piety,literary gatherings,entertainment,and public commemoration.Yet the spiritual foundation of reclusion and the uninterrupted tradition of literati gatherings remained the two central threads running through the entire process. Based on these findings,the study constructs a three-tier cultural memory transmission system for Jinyazhuang,comprising spatial,textual,and spiritual carriers,thus revealing the mechanism underlying the continuity of its cultural lineage.The"city-wall and river symbiosis"model pioneered by Jinyazhuang provided an important paradigm for garden construction in the non-scenic core areas of Hangzhou.Its evolutionary process can be regarded as a microcosm of classical urban garden development in Hangzhou.The vitality of classical gardens lies in their adherence to core spatial elements and the accumulation of cultural meanings over time.Their dynamic transformation should not be interpreted as a process of rise and decline or survival and disappearance,but as the adaptation and renewal of core values within changing historical conditions.Evolution itself constitutes a vital component of the heritage value of classical gardens.Even when the physical entity of a garden has vanished,its cultural memory can still be transmitted through multiple carriers,making it able to transcend its original status as a private garden and become a cultural symbol bearing the urban history of Hangzhou.关键词
私家园林/杭州园林/金衙庄/皋园/园林流变Key words
private gardens/Hangzhou gardens/Jinyazhuang/Gaoyuan/garden evolution分类
建筑与水利引用本文复制引用
冯天慈,洪泉,唐慧超..杭州金衙庄园林流变与阶段特征研究[J].南方建筑,2026,(4):44-54,11.基金项目
教育部人文社科研究规划基金项目(22YJA760029):跨文化视野下西方学者的中国园林研究(1900-1950年). （22YJA760029）
