南京工业大学学报（自然科学版）2026，Vol.48Issue(1)：27-41,59,16.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1671-7627.2026.01.003
基于失效程度的废旧三元镍钴锰锂离子电池直接回收研究进展
Research progress in direct recycling of spent NCM lithium-ion batteries based on their degree of degradation
摘要
Abstract
The rapid development of electric vehicles and large-scale energy storage industries has driven the widespread adoption of ternary nickel-cobalt-manganese(NCM)lithium-ion batteries.It is estimated that tens of millions of tons of spent NCM batteries will need to be recycled in the future.If improperly managed,these batteries not only cause severe environmental pollution but also result in significant waste of strategic metals such as cobalt and nickel.First,to address the wide variation in chemical composition and degradation state among spent NCM batteries,this paper proposes a cascade utilization strategy based on battery degradation.The paper first summarizes the key degradation mechanisms during battery cycling and then classifies spent NCM batteries according to their degree of degradation.Based on this classification,two suitable recycling pathways are identified:second-life utilization and direct recycling.Then,this study places particular emphasis on NCM batteries with moderate to severe degradation and examines recent progress in direct recycling technologies,including solid-state sintering,hydrothermal processing,and molten salt-assisted methods.These approaches are systematically compared in terms of structural restoration,electrochemical performance recovery,process cost,and environmental impact,with the aim of assessing both their regeneration effectiveness and industrial feasibility.Finally,the challenges and future development directions for direct recycling technologies are discussed.This work aims to provide a systematic perspective and practical guidance for achieving efficient closed-loop recycling and low-carbon resource recovery of spent NCM lithium-ion batteries.关键词
废旧锂离子电池/NCM正极材料/失效机制/梯级利用/直接回收Key words
spent lithium-ion batteries/NCM cathode materials/degradation mechanisms/cascade utilization/direct recycling分类
能源科技引用本文复制引用
陈雨晴,王颖..基于失效程度的废旧三元镍钴锰锂离子电池直接回收研究进展[J].南京工业大学学报（自然科学版）,2026,48(1):27-41,59,16.基金项目
国家自然科学基金(22276138) （22276138）
