摘要
Abstract
While people enjoy the convenience brought by AI,they must not overlook the ethical issues that arise in the course of its application.While current artificial intelligence may surpass humans in terms of knowledge capacity,computational speed,and other aspects,it does not yet possess the fundamental nature of human intelligence.Essentially,it constitutes a form of machine intelligence—capable of solving specific problems and executing specific tasks—that is formed as an aggregate of various elements rooted in the digitization of human society.It leverages a comprehensive array of information and communication technologies,data technologies,internet technologies,statistical methods,and engineering methodologies—encompassing a wide spectrum of software and hardware components such as big data,algorithms,deep learning,natural language models,computer vision,pattern recognition,and generative technologies.Artificial intelligence can be broadly categorized into several forms,including narrow AI,artificial general intelligence,human-level artificial intelligence,and super intelligence.Currently,narrow AI—also referred to as weak AI or specialized AI—is being increasingly and widely deployed across diverse sectors such as manufacturing,commerce,agriculture,services,healthcare,education,companionship,care-giving,automatic driving,and even warfare.In response to the normative ethical issues raised by these AI applications,it is better to focus on ethical issues in machine intelligence rather than on the issues by aligning AI with human values or by embedding ethical rules directly into machines.However,this presupposes that the computer is a moral agent,capable of aligning its decisions or actions with socially accepted ethical norms.Given the current level of AI development,concerns that artificial intelligence might lead to the extinction of humanity are likely groundless.关键词
人工智能/机器智能/价值判断/道德行动者Key words
Artificial Intelligence/machine intelligence/moral judgement/moral agent
