气象科学2026，Vol.46Issue(1)：1-10,10.DOI:10.12306/2026jms.0008
2025年中国主要气候风险及气象灾害概述
Overview of the China climate risk and major meteorological disaster in 2025
摘要
Abstract
Using daily meteorological observation data from over 2 400 surface stations in China alongside disaster data from 1961 to 2025,this study systematically analyzes the characteristics of major climate risks and meteorological disasters in China in 2025.The analysis employs the climate status index,the climate risk index,and an objective identification method for meteorological disaster processes.The results indicate that China's overall climate status in 2025 was generally poor,ranking as the second worst since 1961.The climate risk index ranked seventh historically,classifying it as a typical high-risk year.Various extreme weather and climate events exhibited high frequency and strong intensity.Regional heavy rainfall processes occurred more frequently with strong local extremeness.Precipitation during both the North China rainy season and the West China autumn rain broke historical records,leading to a high risk of severe flooding.High-temperature events were frequent,long-lasting,and widespread;the national average number of high-temperature days reached a record high,and the high-temperature risk index ranked second historically.Drought processes were slightly more frequent than normal,displaying significant phased and regional features.The number of typhoons generated and making landfall in China was above average,with autumn typhoons being particularly active and causing severe damage.While cold air processes were more frequent,overall low-temperature and freezing disasters remained relatively weak.Overall,meteorological disasters in China in 2025 were characterized by strong suddenness and compounding effects,posing severe challenges to disaster prevention and mitigation.关键词
气候年景/气候风险指数/区域性极端天气过程/气象灾害Key words
climate status/climate risk index/regional extreme weather process/meteorological disaster分类
天文与地球科学引用本文复制引用
刘远,李莹,王雅琦,尹宜舟,王国复..2025年中国主要气候风险及气象灾害概述[J].气象科学,2026,46(1):1-10,10.基金项目
国家重点研发项目(2024YFF0809202) （2024YFF0809202）
国家自然科学基金资助项目(42305180) （42305180）
新疆"天山英才"培养计划科技创新团队项目(2024TSYCTD0005) （2024TSYCTD0005）
