气象学报2026，Vol.84Issue(2)：185-199,15.DOI:10.11676/qxxb2026.20250046
基于地基微波辐射计的大气温、湿度廓线观测研究进展
Progress on the observation of atmospheric temperature and humidity profiles by ground-based microwave radiometers
摘要
Abstract
This study investigates technical principles and advancements in the application of ground-based microwave radiometers for the observation of atmospheric temperature and humidity profiles,explores critical pathways that can enhance measurement accuracy and stability,and provides theoretical support for meteorological monitoring and climate research.Based on physical foundations including the thermal radiation theory,radiative transfer equations,and brightness temperature,this work systematically reviews microwave radiation measurement principles and calibration technology evolution as well as data quality control methods.By comparing performance parameters of typical domestic and international devices,this study focuses on analyzing the direction of retrieval algorithms optimization and the potential of integrating machine learning approaches.Ground-based microwave radiometers enable continuous detection of atmospheric temperature and humidity profiles within 0-10 km through multi-frequency(22-59 GHz)observations.Liquid nitrogen cold calibration and tilt-curve calibration techniques improve brightness temperature accuracy up to 0.2-0.5 K.Neural network algorithms reduce the Root Mean Square Error(RMSE)of temperature inversion to 1.48℃,while physically constrained models decrease the Mean Absolute Error(MAE)of high-altitude(＞8 km)temperature inversion by 0.19℃.However,challenges persist,including radio frequency interference in complex weather(10%error in K-band),insufficient long-term calibration stability(annual drift＞0.2 K),and increased humidity inversion error under cloudy/rainy conditions(RMSE up to 25.21%).Ground-based microwave radiometers,enhanced by anti-interference hardware design and dynamic real-time calibration and machine learning-physical model fusion algorithms,can significantly improve the retrieval accuracy of atmospheric parameters.This research lays theoretical and technical foundations for their widespread application in meteorological monitoring and climate studies.Future efforts should prioritize breakthroughs in multi-frequency collaborative observations,nonlinear error correction,and extreme weather adaptability.Through in-depth exploration of environmental noise suppression,calibration error tracking,and retrieval robustness enhancement,this work provides a critical support for advancing atmospheric detection technologies under global climate change,facilitating the development of high-precision,all-weather atmospheric profile observation systems.关键词
地基微波辐射计/大气温、湿度廓线/大气探测/反演算法/机器学习Key words
Ground-based microwave radiometer/Temperature and humidity profiles/Atmospheric detection/Retrieval algorithms/Machine learning分类
天文与地球科学引用本文复制引用
马伟强,马龙腾飞,马耀明,何佳男,马卫垚,石乐乐,陈映怡,王璇..基于地基微波辐射计的大气温、湿度廓线观测研究进展[J].气象学报,2026,84(2):185-199,15.基金项目
国家自然科学基金项目(42530607、U2242208)、西藏科技厅项目(XZ202402ZD0006、XZ202401JD0004). （42530607、U2242208）
