四川师范大学学报（自然科学版）2026，Vol.49Issue(3)：388-412,25.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1001-8395.2026.03.009
太阳爆发与空间天气研究进展
Solar Eruption and Space Weather
摘要
Abstract
Solar eruptive activities,primarily manifested as solar flares and coronal mass ejections,represent the transient energy release processes on the largest scale in the solar system and serve as the physical sources of hazardous space weather.Guided by the integral causal chain of"solar source triggering interplanetary transport and evolution-near Earth geospace response",this paper systematically reviews the current research status and the paradigmatic evolution in this field.In the solar source triggering stage,we focus on the establishment of magnetic reconnection as the ultimate engine and the transition of magnetic flux ropes from theoretical controversy to multi-wavelength imaging confirmation,while analyzing the dynamical interplay between ideal magnetohydrodynamic instabilities and non-ideal magnetic reconnection in the onset of eruptions.Regarding interplanetary transport,the paper elucidates the complex interactions between CMEs and the dynamic,magnetized solar wind environment.It analyzes the aerodynamic drag effects of the background solar wind and how recent discoveries of microstructures,such as magnetic switchbacks,have reshaped our under-standing of the structured interplanetary medium.Furthermore,the physical mechanisms of shock-driven energetic particle accelera-tion and diffusion path models are detailed.In the near-Earth response stage,the paper systematically discusses the hierarchical dissi-pation and coupling mechanisms of eruptive energy within the Earth's magnetosphere,thermosphere,and ionosphere.It resolves the energy injection pathways triggered by southward magnetic fields and the subsequent physical processes,including radial thermo-spheric expansion,ionospheric scintillation caused by plasma inhomogeneities,and the generation of geomagnetically induced cur-rents.By integrating typical hazardous space weather cases from recent years,the review reveals the systemic vulnerability of modern technological civilization to space environment variations.Addressing forecasting bottlenecks,the review outlines the paradigmatic shift from empirical statistics to physics-driven numerical models and then to AI-based full-chain digital twins,while envisioning a sci-entific blueprint for constructing a Sun-Earth panoramic digital twin forecasting system leveraging stereoscopic observation networks.关键词
太阳爆发/空间天气/日冕物质抛射/磁重联/数字孪生Key words
solar eruption/space weather/coronal mass ejection/magnetic reconnection/digital twin分类
天文与地球科学引用本文复制引用
申远灯,谭宋,欧雨迪..太阳爆发与空间天气研究进展[J].四川师范大学学报（自然科学版）,2026,49(3):388-412,25.基金项目
国家自然科学基金(12573059和12173083) （12573059和12173083）
