地球与行星物理论评（中英文）2026，Vol.57Issue(5)：491-508,18.DOI:10.19975/j.dqyxx.2025-027
火星单台震源机制研究进展
Review of advances in Martian focal mechanisms
摘要
Abstract
Earthquakes represent dynamic processes in rocky planets where accumulated stress leads to sud-den rupture,block movement,and energy release.Investigating their origin mechanisms not only advances our un-derstanding of planetary stress accumulation and release,but also reveals deep dynamic processes,including tecto-nic activity and magmatism.Current research confirms ongoing seismic activity on Mars,providing a critical win-dow into the planet's interior dynamics. The focal mechanism(strike,dip,and slip angles)directly reflects deep tectonic activity and serves as key evidence for understanding Marsquake triggering processes.While Earth focal mechanism inversion typically re-quires multi-station networks with good azimuthal coverage,Mars is currently limited to single-station data from InSight,posing significant technical challenges.The systematic evaluation of existing methods is crucial for deve-loping novel inversion strategies for single-station observations. This study first reviews Earth-based focal mechanism methods,including those based on first-motion polarity,amplitude,and waveform fitting.Methods relying on first-motion polarity and amplitude require well-distributed station networks for complete focal mechanism sampling.For Mars'single-station inversion,P/S polarities and amplitude ratios alone cannot adequately constrain focal mechanisms.Waveform information must be fully utilized,with polarity/amplitude data typically incorporated into waveform-based inversions.The relative focal mechanism approach is suitable for analyzing clustered events-particularly relevant for Mars'regionally concentrated Mars-quakes.In waveform-based Marsquake studies,velocity model uncertainties introduce challenges for full-wave-form fitting.Seismic phase windowing with permitted time shifts during waveform modeling helps mitigate velo-city model errors,making this approach(e.g.CAP)more viable for single-station inversions on Mars.Next,we summarize single-station inversion techniques(based on body waves,surface waves,full waveforms)developed for limited data on Earth. Finally,we synthesize Marsquake focal mechanism research,covering:1)InSight mission background(in-strumentation,data,Earth-Mars observational differences);2)Tectonic setting(landing site,crust-mantle structure,stress field,thermal evolution);and 3)Research progress(methods,findings,unresolved challenges).In Mars focal mechanism studies,single-station waveform-fitting methods have been widely developed and applied,effectively addressing the insufficient sampling issue in single-station data.However,current results still exhibit significant un-certainties and inconsistencies across different studies,necessitating further optimization of inversion strategies.The clustered distribution of Marsquakes enables the application of relative focal mechanism methods.Initial solu-tions obtained through waveform analysis can be further constrained using relative mechanism approaches.Earlier studies were limited by insufficient velocity structure and uncertain event locations,highlighting the need to update existing solutions using improved structural models and more accurate event locations. Through the comprehensive synthesis,we aim to provide methodological and theoretical support for single-station-based Marsquake focal mechanism research.关键词
震源机制/火星单台观测/"洞察"号/火星地震学/动力学过程/行星科学Key words
focal mechanisms/Mars single-station observation/InSight mission/Martian seismology/Martian dynamics/planetary science分类
天文与地球科学引用本文复制引用
史克旭,孙伟家..火星单台震源机制研究进展[J].地球与行星物理论评（中英文）,2026,57(5):491-508,18.基金项目
国家重点研发计划资助项目(2022YFF0503203) （2022YFF0503203）
中国地震局地震监测预警业务骨干工作任务资助项目(CEA-JCYJ-202501086) （CEA-JCYJ-202501086）
中国地震局第二监测中心科学技术基金资助项目(JJ202502Z) Supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2022YFF0503203),the Seismic Monitoring and Early Warning Business Backbone Personnel Tasks of China Earthquake Administration(Grant No.CEA-JCYJ-202501086)and the Science and Technology Foundation of the Second Monitoring and Application Center,China Earthquake Administration(Grant No.JJ202502Z) （JJ202502Z）
