生物技术通报2026，Vol.42Issue(4)：65-71,7.DOI:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2025-0382
全基因组关联分析(GWAS)在母猪繁殖性状研究中的应用进展
Application Status of Genome-wide Association Study(GWAS)in the Study of Reproductive Traits in Sow
摘要
Abstract
The reproductive traits of sows play a critically important role in modern swine production.These traits encompass a series of key performance indicators,including litter size,number of live births,number of weaned piglets,litter weight at birth,litter weight at weaning,and sow longevity.They not only directly determine production efficiency but also profoundly influence the profitability and competitiveness of the entire swine industry chain.However,sow reproductive performance is a typical complex trait characterized by generally low heritability.Its genetic mechanisms are involved in numerous genes and their interactions,including additive effects,epistasis,and potential epigenetic regulation.Concurrenlty,these traits are significantly influenced by non-genetic factors such as environmental conditions,management practices,and feeding regimens(such as including nutrition,temperature,humidity,stocking density,stress levels,and health management).Consequently,the genetic improvement of these traits has remained a major challenge in animal breeding research.With the continuous development of Genome-Wide Association Study(GWAS)methodology,researchers can now utilize high-throughput genotyping platforms to screen for genetic loci associated with target phenotypes across the entire genome,thereby enabling precise dissection of complex traits.This review aims to systematically summarize the developmental overview of GWAS technology,including its statistical principles,methodological evolution,and improvements in detection power.It further emphasizes the application progress of this technology in genetic analysis of key reproductive traits in sows,synthesizing important genetic signals that have been identified and their biological functions.Finally,the review discusses challenges faced by GWAS in studying sow reproductive trait and provides perspectives on future research directions,such as integrating multi-omics data to gain deeper insights into causal mutations and regulatory networks,and leveraging big data and artificial intelligence to optimize breeding value estimation,thereby providing references for the breeding of highly prolific sows.关键词
全基因组关联分析(GWAS)/繁殖性状/候选基因/遗传改良/母猪育种Key words
genome-wide association study(GWAS)/reproductive traits/candidate genes/genetic improvement/sow breeding引用本文复制引用
区琦,冯瑶,韦柳婷,庄站伟,赵云翔,陈富美..全基因组关联分析(GWAS)在母猪繁殖性状研究中的应用进展[J].生物技术通报,2026,42(4):65-71,7.基金项目
科技创新2030-重大项目(2023ZD0404503),广西自然科学基金面上项目(2025GXNSFAA069199) （2023ZD0404503）
