信号处理2026，Vol.42Issue(4)：466-478,13.DOI:10.12466/xhcl.2026.04.002
基于微多普勒频移稳健估计的水下螺旋桨目标特征提取
Underwater Propeller Target Feature Extraction Based on Robust Micro-Doppler Frequency Shift Estimation
摘要
Abstract
The micro-Doppler frequency shift generated by the rotation of propellers is not only higher than the Doppler frequency shift caused by the target translation but also contains information about the size and rotational speed,making it an important feature for underwater target detection and identification.However,the estimation of the instantaneous frequency of underwater propellers is affected by the intersection points,line target spectrum,and noise,leading to nu-merous outliers that severely impede subsequent feature extraction.To address this issue,this paper first establishes a short-pulse point-line mixture model for underwater propeller targets and then proposes a robust multi-frame joint estima-tion method.The method employs a decision-directed approach to eliminate samples with significant deviations in each upper envelope of instantaneous frequency estimation,subsequently leverages its sparsity to reconstruct the instanta-neous frequency at the corresponding time instances,and finally accomplishes target feature extraction based on the ac-curate time-frequency ridge path of each component.Simulation results demonstrate that when the input signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)is above 4 dB,the relative errors(RE)of the proposed algorithm in estimating the maximum frequency shift and rotational frequency are below 5%and 2%,respectively.As the rotational speed increases,the effective opera-tional range of the algorithm can be extended to SNRs above-2 dB,and it successfully performs feature extraction for propellers with 2 to 5 blades.In contrast,the JMDFE algorithm,which also relies on instantaneous frequency estima-tion,achieves relative errors of approximately 25%and 4%,only under conditions where the SNR is above 6 dB and propellers have 2 blades.Real-world experimental results on measured data show that the REs of the maximum fre-quency shift estimation of the two rotational components are 3.60%and 3.97%,respectively,while the relative error of the rotational frequency estimation is 0.79%.关键词
微多普勒效应/主动声呐/瞬时频率/短脉冲信号/多帧联合/决策导向Key words
micro-Doppler effect/active sonar/instantaneous frequency/short pulse signal/multi-frame joint/decision directed分类
通用工业技术引用本文复制引用
陈旭晖,吴永清,吴敏,郝程鹏..基于微多普勒频移稳健估计的水下螺旋桨目标特征提取[J].信号处理,2026,42(4):466-478,13.基金项目
国家自然科学基金(62471463,62071460,62371446)The National Natural Science Foundation of China(62471463,62071460,62371446) （62471463,62071460,62371446）
