中国临床医学2026，Vol.33Issue(2)：213-220,8.DOI:10.12025/j.issn.1008-6358.2026.20251584
生物材料介导的脑机接口在神经康复中的研究进展
Research progress of biomaterial-mediated brain-computer interfaces in neural rehabilitation
摘要
Abstract
Neurological disorders such as post-stroke hemiplegia,spinal cord injury,and Parkinson disease represent a major global health burden.Brain-computer interface(BCI),which creates direct communication pathways between the nervous system and external devices,offers a promising strategy for functional restoration.The long-term efficacy of such BCI fundamentally depends on the performance of biomaterials at the neural interface.Ideal materials must concurrently satisfy biocompatibility,electrical conductivity,enduring chemical stability,and mechanical compatibility with brain tissue.This review systematically outlines the application of conductive polymers,inorganic nanomaterials,natural biomaterials,and composites in BCI,with a focus on how advanced designs,such as bionic and encapsulated electrodes,improve signal fidelity and surgical feasibility through structural innovation.It further summarizes key material-modification techniques and analyzes the complex foreign-body response orchestrated by microglia,astrocytes,and peripheral immune cells.Finally,it provides insights into future research directions and clinical translation of BCI-based neurorehabilitation,while highlighting critical challenges including long-term biosafety and the establishment of standardized evaluation frameworks,aiming to bridge the gap between laboratory innovation and effective clinical deployment.关键词
脑机接口/生物材料/神经康复/仿生电极/包裹电极/免疫微环境Key words
brain-computer interface/biomaterial/neural rehabilitation/bionic electrode/encapsulated electrode/immune microenvironment分类
医药卫生引用本文复制引用
于香香,史婕,陈禹成,程利锋,贺良灿,李凯..生物材料介导的脑机接口在神经康复中的研究进展[J].中国临床医学,2026,33(2):213-220,8.基金项目
国家重点研发计划(2024YFA1210700),国家自然科学基金(52372267).Supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China(2024YFA1210700),and National Natural Science Foundation of China(52372267). （2024YFA1210700）
