中国农学通报2026，Vol.42Issue(7)：30-37,8.
北方地区2种黄芪不同生长期药材品质变化分析
Analysis of Quality Changes in Two Astragalus Species at Different Growth Stages in North China
摘要
Abstract
To address the inconsistency in the quality of Astragalus caused by ambiguous cultivar selection and indeterminate harvesting periods in Northern China,this study aimes to identify suitable cultivars and determine the optimal harvest time.Using A.membranaceus var.mongholicus(AM)and A.membranaceus(AG)as experimental materials,we systematically evaluated their growth parameters,including root length,root diameter,fresh root weight,and dry root weight,as well as the contents of key medicinal compounds(calycosin-7-glucoside,ononin,calycosin,and crude polysaccharides)across different cultivation years(1 to 3 years).The monthly dynamics of these bioactive components in both Astragalus species were monitored.Principal component analysis(PCA)was subsequently employed to comprehensively assess the quality of Astragalus at different growth stages.The results indicated:(1)Both growth parameters and medicinal compound contents in the two Astragalus species increased significantly with cultivation years.The 3-year-old AM exhibited marked growth advantages,with its dry root weight increasing by 250.37%compared to 2-year-old plants,and its calycosin content showing a significant increase of 1197.56%to 1533.58%relative to 1-and 2-year-old plants.The dry root weight of 3-year-old AG increased significantly by 193.78%compared to 2-year-old plants,with its calycosin content rising by 516.33%to 522.50%compared to 1-and 2-year-old plants.(2)The root length,fresh root weight,dry root weight,and contents of calycosin-7-glucoside,ononin,and calycosin in 3-year-old AM were all significantly higher than those in AG.(3)Monthly dynamics revealed that the bioactive compounds(calycosin-7-glucoside,ononin,calycosin)in AM followed an"N"-shaped change pattern,peaking at 29 months.In AG,calycosin-7-glucoside and crude polysaccharides exhibited an"M"-shaped change pattern,with peaks occurring at 28-29 months.(4)PCA results demonstrated clear separation between 3-year-old and 1-year-old Astragalus(cumulative contribution rate:80.340%),with 3-year-old AM showing the highest yield and quality.In conclusion,A.membranaceus var.mongholicus(AM)demonstrated superior growth and quality performance compared to A.membranaceus(AG)in northern regions,with the optimal harvest time identified as October of the third year(29 months of age).This study provides a scientific basis for high-quality and high-yield cultivation of Astragalus in Northern China.Future research could further optimize cultivation practices by incorporating multi-location trials and molecular mechanism analysis.关键词
生长年限/蒙古黄芪/膜荚黄芪/采收期/生长量/药用成分/主成分分析Key words
growth duration/Astragalus membranaceus var.mongholicus/Astragalus membranaceus/harvesting period/growth increment/medicinal components/principal component analysis分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
刘星雨,徐海军,王晓飞,吴青松,郑歆然,刘淑霞,肖宇,关向军..北方地区2种黄芪不同生长期药材品质变化分析[J].中国农学通报,2026,42(7):30-37,8.基金项目
国家十四五重点研发计划项目"道地药材产地加工技术升级与健康产品开发"(2021YFD1600903) （2021YFD1600903）
黑龙江省省属科研院所科研业务费基础类资助项目"黑龙江省黄芪根系药用主成分空间分异规律及其驱动机制研究"(CZKYF2022-1-B025) （CZKYF2022-1-B025）
黑龙江省院所基本应用技术研究专项资助项目"黄芪生殖分配调控对根系物质积累的影响研究"(ZNJJ2020DQ01) （ZNJJ2020DQ01）
黑龙江省省属科研院所科研业务费项目"寒地药材种质资源收集、鉴定与评价"(CZBZ202509002). （CZBZ202509002）
