中国农业科学2026，Vol.59Issue(8)：1727-1747,21.DOI:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2026.08.010
中国农业面源污染防治政策的演进、实践逻辑与有效性测量
Evolution,Practical Logic,and Effectiveness Measurement of China's Agricultural Non-Point Source Pollution Control Policies
摘要
Abstract
[Objective]Policies for controlling agricultural non-point source pollution(ANPSP)serve as the primary basis for guiding agricultural environmental governance.A systematic analysis of the policy logic of China's ANPSP control urgently requires academic attention.This study took 469 ANPSP control policies issued by the State Council and relevant ministries and commissions from 1978 to 2022 as the research object,and systematically analyzed the evolutionary context and practical logic of China's ANPSP control policies and measures the effectiveness of policy texts.[Method]Policy text analysis was adopted to clarify the evolutionary path of ANPSP control policies.The Ambiguity-Conflict Model and the Three-Dimensional Theoretical Framework Based on the Institutional Environment were revised and applied to explain the practical logic of these policies,and text mining was used to measure their effectiveness.[Result]China's ANPSP control policies have gone through five stages,including the stage of policy incubation,the stage of policy initiation,the stage of policy establishment,the stage of policy adjustment,and the stage of policy deepening,and have basically formed a policy framework characterized by"equal emphasis on macro systems and micro rules,parallel advancement of vertical transmission and horizontal connection,and simultaneous implementation of systematic governance and source control."The logic of formulating and issuing ANPSP control policies followed the sequence of"legislation first,adjustment later,and practice finally."The implementation logic presented differentiated implementation modes and dominant factors in different stages,while the deviation logic stemmed from induced flexibility caused by environmental regulations,government incentives,and subject cognition.The number of ANPSP control policies and their comprehensive force both showed a fluctuating upward trend.Specifically,policy efforts presented a"high first,then low"trend;policy objectives continued to focus on reducing the use of pesticides and chemical fertilizers,promoting the management of livestock and poultry manure,and improving the efficiency of straw utilization;policy measures generally showed the characteristics of administrative regulation＞technical support＞economic incentive＞educational guidance;and the departmental synergy,objective synergy,and measure synergy of relevant policies have all significantly enhanced.[Conclusion]Since the reform and opening-up,the Chinese government has increasingly advocated to control the ANPSP through policy intervention.It has focused on addressing the drawbacks of adaptability,ambiguity and inducement in such policies by strengthening top-level design,clarifying main responsibilities and improving supporting mechanisms.China has achieved remarkable results in ANPSP control lending by administrative forces,which could provide reference for the optimization and adjustment of ANPSP control policies in developing countries worldwide.关键词
农业面源污染/农业政策演进/有效性/模糊-冲突模型/文本挖掘/中国Key words
agricultural non-point source pollution/agricultural policy evolution/effectiveness/ambiguity-conflict model/text mining/China引用本文复制引用
邹利林..中国农业面源污染防治政策的演进、实践逻辑与有效性测量[J].中国农业科学,2026,59(8):1727-1747,21.基金项目
国家社会科学基金(22BGL182) （22BGL182）
