中国人口·资源与环境2026，Vol.36Issue(3)：209-224,16.DOI:10.12062/cpre.20250922
从"污染控制"到"协同共治":新安江横向生态补偿试点的生态质量改善效应评估
From"pollution control"to"collaborative governance":evaluating the ecological quality improvement effects of the Xin'an River horizontal ecological compensation pilot
摘要
Abstract
The Xin'an River horizontal ecological compensation pilot represents a typical case of China's first institutional exploration of establishing a horizontal ecological compensation mechanism for watershed governance.This practice breaks away from the traditional end-of-pipe governance paradigm centered on water quality compliance and shifts toward an institutional model that integrates overall ecosys-tem functionality with regional collaborative governance.While the policy initially aimed to improve watershed water quality,a key ques-tion remains whether it can further enhance the overall ecosystem service capacity and promote coordinated improvements in ecological quality across upstream and downstream regions—both of which are critical for evaluating its overall effectiveness.This study used panel data from 70 counties in Anhui and Zhejiang provinces between 2007 and 2023 and applied a difference-in-differences(DID)method to assess the effects of the Xin'an River horizontal ecological compensation on ecological quality at both the watershed and subregional lev-els.It also examined the cumulative effects across different pilot phases,the underlying mechanisms,and the heterogeneity of improve-ments across pilot counties.The results showed that:① Horizontal ecological compensation significantly improved the overall ecological quality of the watershed,a conclusion that remained robust under multiple verification tests.② Heterogeneity analysis indicated that the policy significantly promoted ecological quality improvement in upstream areas,but the effect was not statistically significant in down-stream regions.From a watershed-wide perspective,the cumulative policy effects intensified over time.Regionally,as the compensation mechanism was continuously optimized and assessment standards were gradually tightened,the policy's cumulative effects gradually spread from downstream to upstream,fostering more synchronized ecological improvements and facilitating a collaborative governance pat-tern across regions.③ Mechanism testing revealed that ecological improvements in upstream areas were mainly driven by green industrial transformation and increased agricultural infrastructure,while improvements in downstream areas stemmed from green industrial transfor-mation and enhanced ecological industrialization efficiency.④ The ecological impact of horizontal ecological compensation varied across different pilot counties.This study provides empirical evidence and policy insights for improving cross-regional ecological compensation systems,promoting collaborative watershed governance,and designing differentiated incentive mechanisms.关键词
新安江流域/横向生态补偿/生态系统服务能力/政策绩效/双重差分法Key words
Xin'an River Basin/horizontal ecological compensation/ecosystem service capacity/policy performance/difference-in-differences method分类
管理科学引用本文复制引用
孔凡斌,陆雨,徐彩瑶..从"污染控制"到"协同共治":新安江横向生态补偿试点的生态质量改善效应评估[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2026,36(3):209-224,16.基金项目
国家自然科学基金面上项目"钱江源区山水林田湖草碳汇服务供需过程耦合机理及碳生态补偿关键机制"(批准号:42371294) （批准号:42371294）
国家自然科学基金青年项目"数字乡村建设、森林生态产品价值实现与浙江山区26县共同富裕协同机制及政策研究"(批准号:42301328) （批准号:42301328）
国家社会科学基金重大项目"山水林田湖草沙一体化保护和系统治理研究"(批准号:23ZDA105). （批准号:23ZDA105）
