作物学报2026，Vol.52Issue(5)：1536-1547,12.DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2026.53082
生物炭配施化肥提高玉米‖大豆下玉米产量和土壤生态系统多功能性
Biochar combined with chemical fertilizer increases maize yield and soil ecosystem multifunctionality in an intercropped maize-soybean
摘要
Abstract
To investigate the effects of biochar addition on maize growth and soil ecosystem multifunctionality in a maize-soybean intercropping system,a two-year field experiment was conducted in Xianning City,Hubei Province,from 2023 to 2024.The study examined two planting patterns—monoculture maize(MM)and intercropped maize and soybean(SM)—and two fertilization regimes—conventional chemical fertilizer(CF)and biochar combined with chemical fertilizer(BF).Parameters as-sessed included maize growth,soil physicochemical properties,microbial diversity,and ecosystem multifunctionality.In terms of cropping system,compared with monoculture maize,intercropping significantly increased maize root length density in the 0-30 cm soil layer by 21.58%-32.24%,reduced soil bulk density by 6.31%in the 10-20 cm layer,increased soil organic carbon content by 3.51%and 13.01%in the 0-10 cm and 20-30 cm layers,respectively,and raised total nitrogen content by 8.96%and 12.13%in the 10-20 cm and 20-30 cm layers,respectively.In terms of fertilizer treatment,compared with conventional chemical fertil-izer,the combination of biochar and chemical fertilizer increased maize root length density by 5.84%-11.42%in the 0-30 cm layer,reduced soil bulk density by 4.77%in the 10-20 cm layer,and increased soil organic carbon content by 4.54%and 14.11%in the 0-10 cm and 20-30 cm layers,respectively.Relative to MM-CF,intercropping with chemical fertilizer(SM-CF)increased maize equivalent yield by 33.56%,and enhanced the soil ecosystem multifunctionality index by 101.63%-119.91%in the 0-30 cm layer.Intercropping with biochar and chemical fertilizer(SM-BF)further increased equivalent yield by 49.24%and boosted the multifunctionality index by 134.59%-238.63%.A random forest model identified root biomass as the most influential factor affecting soil ecosystem multifunctionality.These findings suggest that biochar combined with chemical fertilizer improves soil structure,enhances nutrient accumulation,and increases microbial diversity by promoting maize root growth under intercropped conditions,thereby synergistically enhancing both maize yield and soil ecosystem functions,and contributing to sustainable agri-cultural development.关键词
间作/生物炭/产量/根系形态/土壤生态系统多功能性Key words
intercropping/biochar/yield/root morphology/soil ecosystem multifunctionality引用本文复制引用
郭星宇,胡丹,林苏期,王梦凯,谭文峰,黄传琴..生物炭配施化肥提高玉米‖大豆下玉米产量和土壤生态系统多功能性[J].作物学报,2026,52(5):1536-1547,12.基金项目
本研究由国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1901205)和湖北省重大科技专项(2023BBA003,2025BBA003)资助.This study was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFD1901205)and the Major Science and Technology Project of Hubei Province(2023BBA003,2025BBA003). （2021YFD1901205）
