干旱地区农业研究2026，Vol.44Issue(2)：45-56,12.DOI:10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2026.02.05
深蓄储水灌溉下氮肥分施对冬小麦生理及水氮利用效率的影响
Effects of nitrogen splitting on physiology and water-nitrogen use efficiency of winter wheat under deep water storage irrigation
摘要
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects and differences of different nitrogen(N)fertilizer split application patterns under deep water storage irrigation on winter wheat yield and nitrogen uptake and utilization.Based on the field positioning experiment of winter wheat in 2023,five treatments were set up,including one-time basal application of nitrogen fertilizer before sowing without deep water storage irrigation(CK),deep water storage irrigation+one-time basal application of nitrogen fertilizer before sowing(WN1),deep water storage irrigation+30％basal fertilizer+70％jointing fertilizer(WN2),deep water storage irrigation+30％basal fertilizer+40％jointing fertilizer+30％panicle fertilizer(WN3),and deep water storage irrigation+30％basal fertilizer+30％jointing fertilizer+20％panicle fertilizer+20％filling fertilizer(WN4).The growth and physiological characteris-tics,dry matter accumulation process,yield and its components,and nitrogen absorption and utilization of winter wheat were analyzed,and the yield traits and nitrogen absorption and utilization were screened for comprehensive e-valuation.The results showed that compared with non-deep water storage irrigation(CK),deep water storage irriga-tion significantly promoted leaf area index,SPAD value,and net photosynthetic rate of wheat.It significantly in-creased the contribution rate of post-anthesis dry matter accumulation to grains by 4.61％-12.95％,grain yield by 11.30％-23.10％,and nitrogen uptake efficiency by 20.55％-48.20％.Compared with the WN1 treatment,the WN3 treatment further promoted wheat growth and physiological characteristics.Its spike number,grains per spike,1 000-grain weight,grain yield,and nitrogen uptake efficiency increased by 2.96％,20.76％,8.75％,23.10％,and 48.20％,respectively.Fitting the winter wheat dry matter growth process using the Logistic model revealed that the WN3 treatment was most conducive to promoting the transfer of pre-and post-anthesis dry matter to grains.It in-creased pre-anthesis dry matter translocation amount and post-anthesis dry matter accumulation amount by 29.31％-60.41％and 3.06％-12.78％,respectively,through a"short-duration but high-efficiency"dry matter accumulation pattern.Compared with the WN3 treatment,the WN4 treatment showed a decrease in grain yield and nitrogen uptake efficiency by 9.60％and 18.65％,respectively.In summary,the water and nitrogen management mode of deep wa-ter storage irrigation combined with 30％basal fertilizer+40％jointing fertilizer+30％panicle fertilizer can signif-icantly promote the growth and physiological characteristics of wheat,promote the transfer of dry matter to grains before and after anthesis,and increase the yield and nitrogen absorption efficiency,which provides a feasible way to alleviate the shortage of agricultural water resources and the ecological imbalance of groundwater in the northern irrigation areas.关键词
深蓄储水灌溉/氮肥分施/冬小麦/Logistic模型/氮素吸收效率/产量Key words
deep water storage irrigation/nitrogen fertilizer split application/winter wheat/Logistic model/nitrogen uptake efficiency/yield分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
车海涛,范晓懂,庞耀悦,何名淞,刘畅,李高良,王亚昆,胡笑涛..深蓄储水灌溉下氮肥分施对冬小麦生理及水氮利用效率的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2026,44(2):45-56,12.基金项目
国家自然科学基金(U2243235) （U2243235）
陕西水利科技计划项目(2022slkj-6) （2022slkj-6）
