环境与职业医学2026，Vol.43Issue(4)：427-434,8.DOI:10.11836/JEOM25479
中国中老年全职劳动人群的衰弱流行现状及与劳动时长的关系
Prevalence of frailty and its relationship with working hours among full-time middle-aged and older workers in China
摘要
Abstract
[Background]Frailty serves as a significant precursor to falls,disability,and mortality.Epidemio-logical evidence examining the impact of working hours on frailty remains scarce. [Objective]To explore the prevalence of frailty and the relationship between frailty and working hours among full-time middle-aged and older workers in China. [Methods]Data were derived from the 2020 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study(CHARLS).The study included full-time workers aged 45 years and above with a weekly working duration exceeding 35 h.Frailty was assessed using the Frailty Index(FI).First,the dose-response relationship between working hours and FI was explored using a generalized additive model(GAM).Second,univariate analyses were performed using t-tests,χ2 tests,and the Jonckheere-Terpstra trend test.Restricted cubic splines(RCS)were introduced for modeling.Based on ordinal logistic regression models,covariates were adjusted sequentially to examine whether differences in frailty prevalence existed across different weekly working hour categories.Finally,subgroup analyses were performed. [Results]Among the 5 504 included participants,the mean age was(56.41±7.30)years,with 2 304 being female(41.86％).A total of 807 participants(14.66％)were identified as frail,and 2 686 participants(48.80％)were pre-frail.After standardization for gender and age ac-cording to the seventh national census data,the standardized prevalence of frailty and prefrailty were 18.89％and 47.25％,respectively.Significant higher proportions of frail individuals were found among those in non-managerial(73.73％),agricultural(64.06％),and non-employed(65.68％)occupations.Long working hours were prevalent:2 596(47.17％)workers worked 41-60 h per week,1 649(29.96％)worked>60 h per week,and only 1 259(22.87％)worked 35-40 h per week.GAM analysis showed a non-linear relationship between weekly working hours and FI.Restricted cubic spline analysis showed a statistically significant association between weekly working hours and frailty status(P=0.022).Logistic regression analysis revealed that individuals working more than 60 h per week had a 23％higher odds of frailty compared to those working 41-60 h(OR=1.23,95％CI:1.09,1.38,P<0.01),while those working 35-40 h per week showed a 15％higher odds of frailty(OR=1.15,95％CI:1.01,1.31,P=0.034).The subgroup analysis revealed that the positive association between working more than 60 h per week and frailty remained generally consistent across sex,age,urban/rural residence,occupational at-tributes,industry,or employment type,although the association did not reach statistical significance among non-rural residents and indi-viduals aged 60 years and older. [Conclusion]The prevalence of frailty among full-time middle-aged and older labor force in China is relatively high,and the odds of frailty increases significantly among those who work more than 60 h per week.It is recommended to implement frailty prevention and management strategies targeting long-working-hour workers and to prioritize the impact of working duration on frailty.关键词
中老年/劳动力/长时间工作/衰弱/中国健康与养老追踪调查Key words
middle-aged and elderly/labor force/long working hours/frailty/China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study分类
医药卫生引用本文复制引用
石晓楠,赵艺皓,郭帅,祖力亚尔·塔力甫,郑晓瑛..中国中老年全职劳动人群的衰弱流行现状及与劳动时长的关系[J].环境与职业医学,2026,43(4):427-434,8.基金项目
国家自然科学基金专项项目(L2424304) （L2424304）
中国医学科学院中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金项目(2022-ZHCH330-01) （2022-ZHCH330-01）
