环境与职业医学2026，Vol.43Issue(4)：443-450,457,9.DOI:10.11836/JEOM25436
上海市8个行业职业人群颈部工作相关肌肉骨骼疾患调查及影响因素
Neck-related work-related musculoskeletal disorders:Prevalence and associated factors among occupational workers from 8 industries in Shanghai
摘要
Abstract
[Background]Neck-related work-related musculoskeletal disorders(WMSDs)are a major type of musculoskeletal disorders with a relatively high proportion.Shanghai has a large number of oc-cupational populations;however,the occurrence of WMSDs at neck among the occupational populations across industries in this city has not been reported,and needs to be addressed. [Objective]To understand the occurrence of neck-related WMSDs and their influencing factors among occupational populations in 8 industries in Shanghai,and to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of WMSDs in this population. [Methods]From February 2024 to February 2025,a cross-sectional survey employed stratified cluster sampling to select 7 829 employed workers from 48 enterprises across 8 industries in Shanghai.The study investigated the occur-rence of neck-related WMSDs among the participants over the preceding 12 months.Logistic regression analysis was employed to examine the relationships between WMSDs and various occupational factors. [Results]A total of 7 770 questionnaires were collected,yielding an effective response rate of 99.2％.Overall,the positive rate of neck-related WMSDs among the participants was 11.89％(924/7 770).Among different industries,the environmental sanitation industry(19.48％),pharmaceutical manufacturing industry(14.57％),and cigarette manufacturing industry(13.66％)had higher prevalence of neck-related WMSDs.Univariate analysis showed that the risk of neck-related WMSDs was higher in the following groups:those with a job tenure≥5 years in the current position(OR=1.50-1.70),females(OR=1.77),those with higher education levels(master's degree or above,OR=2.27),and those with worse self-rated health(very poor health,OR=4.38)(P<0.05).Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified the following independent risk factors for neck WMSDs:environmental sanitation industry(OR=7.30,95％CI:4.72,11.87),higher educational attainment(master's degree or above:OR=2.16,95％CI:1.36,3.35),worse self-rated health status(very poor:OR=1.95,95％CI:1.31,2.85),work performed in a single workshop(OR=1.36,95％CI:1.13,1.64),understaffing(OR=1.46,95％CI:1.25,1.70),slight neck forward flexion(OR=1.64,95％CI:1.32,2.06),severe neck forward flexion(OR=2.55,95％CI:1.97,3.30),and maintaining a fixed neck posture for a prolonged period(OR=2.28,95％CI:1.93,2.70).Conversely,work rotation(OR=0.75,95％CI:0.65,0.87),adequate rest(OR=0.70,95％CI:0.60,0.82),and severe back flexion(OR=0.63,95％CI:0.46,0.85)were protective factors against neck-related WMSDs.For the nomogram,the area under the curve(AUC)=0.75(95％CI:0.74,0.77),Hosmer-Lemeshow test P=0.764,and Brier score=0.094,in-dicating that the model had good discrimination and calibration. [Conclusion]Among the occupational populations in Shanghai,the environmental sanitation industry,pharmaceutical manufacturing in-dustry,and cigarette manufacturing industry are identified as high-risk industries for neck-related WMSDs.Industry affiliation,educational level,work organization patterns,and awkward neck working postures are confirmed as the core influencing factors for the development of neck-related WMSDs.Targeted and comprehensive intervention measures should be formulated focusing on the aforementioned high-risk industries and key influencing factors.Multi-dimensional collaborative efforts,including ergonomic optimization,improvement of labor management systems,and strengthened health education and promotion,should be implemented to effectively control the risk of neck-related WMSDs in the occupational population,and to provide robust statistical evidence for the advancement of regional occupational health prevention and control strategies.关键词
工作相关肌肉骨骼疾患/职业人群/影响因素/上海市/列线图Key words
work-related musculoskeletal disorders/occupational population/influencing factor/Shanghai/nomogram分类
医药卫生引用本文复制引用
刘燕,杨凤,郭薇薇,邸妞,尹艳..上海市8个行业职业人群颈部工作相关肌肉骨骼疾患调查及影响因素[J].环境与职业医学,2026,43(4):443-450,457,9.基金项目
上海市加强公共卫生体系建设三年行动计划(2023-2025年)重点学科项目(GWVI-11.1-37) （2023-2025年）
