煤田地质与勘探2026，Vol.54Issue(4)：164-177,14.DOI:10.12363/issn.1001-1986.25.10.0745
煤层底板突水灾害动水治理技术及堵水效果研究
Technologies for controlling water inrushes from coal seam floors under flowing water and their water plugging performance
摘要
Abstract
[Objective]Limestone water hazards in coal seam floors represent one of the two primary categories of mine water hazards in China.Limestone aquifers are generally characterized by abundant static water reserves and consider-able dynamic water recharge.To reduce economic losses and casualties caused by water inrushes from limestone aquifers,post-disaster emergency rescue through grouting for water plugging is frequently carried out under flowing wa-ter.[Methods]Based on numerous cases of water inrush control under flowing water in China and the fundamental re-quirements for control scheme design,this study presents a systematic review of existing technologies for water inrush control under flowing water,along with their advantages and limitations.Furthermore,this study categorizes the condi-tions for water inrush control under flowing water,summarizes existing control modes,and elucidates the common in-dicators for evaluating the water plugging performance of various control technologies.Following an analysis of typical cases,this study proposes the common challenges and future development directions for water inrush control under flow-ing water.[Results and Conclusions]The results indicate that technologies for water inrush control under flowing wa-ter can be classified into three types:(1)cutting off water in water-flowing roadways by constructing water blocking walls to reduce water filling intensity,(2)cutting off water in water inrush pathways by constructing water-stop plugs to block water filling pathways,and(3)blocking water sources in the aquifers subjected to water inrushes by constructing grouting curtain to block water sources,with the first and second categories can be further divided into three and two types,respectively.Among the three major technology categories,cutting off water in water-flowing roadways exhibits the shortest operation duration.However,this technology fails to eliminate the possibility of water inrush recurrence in the original area suffering from water inrushes.The second type of this technology is only applicable to water plugging in environments with low water inrush pressure,low flow rates,and high mechanical strength of surrounding rocks.Generally,cutting off water in water inrush pathways can deliver the optimal water plugging performance when combin-ing cutting off water in water-flowing roadways.Despite the longest operation duration,blocking water sources in the aquifers subjected to water inrushes exhibits the highest safety factor.This technology typically offers the optimal water plugging performance when combining cutting off water in water inrush pathways.Based on the submergence condi-tions of the underground drainage pump room following water inrushes,the conditions for water inrush control under flowing water can be classified into two types:unsubmerged mines and incompletely submerged mines,with the latter type commonly observed.Notably,water plugging operations are the most challenging when the submergence water level falls below the elevation of the water inrush point.Based on whether water inrush points and pathways are identi-fied and whether the spatial relationships between mine roadways around water inrush points are determined,water in-rush control under flowing water can be classified into three types:direct water plugging,post-detection water inrush control,and detection-control combination with a focus on detection.The modes of water inrush control under flowing water consist of three water plugging modes based on a single technology and two water plugging modes based on the combination of two technologies.For water inrushes occurring during roadway tunnelling,the recommended control modes include the technology of cutting off water in water-flowing roadways,the technology of cutting off water in wa-ter inrush pathways,and the combination of both.For water inrushes occurring during coal mining,primary control modes encompass the technology of blocking water sources in the aquifers subjected to water inrushes,the technology of cutting off water in water inrush pathways,and the combination of both.Water inrush control under flowing water rep-resents typical post-disaster grouting engineering characterized by instantaneous grouting responses.The water plugging performance is primarily evaluated based on measured variations in both water inrush volume and the water level of aquifers subjected to water inrushes,supplemented by borehole grouting characterization and geophysical monitoring.Common indicators for various evaluation methods include the mechanical strength and permeability of the final grouted water-blocking bodies.Focusing on the commonly used first and third types of the technology of cutting off water in wa-ter-flowing roadways,a fluid-solid coupling mathematical model is established for numerical simulations of water in-rush control under flowing water.The simulation results indicate that the skeletons of water blocking walls constructed for the third type exhibit high water resistance and low permeability.A common challenge in water inrush control under flowing water is that the cement grout for grouting struggles to rapidly settle,accumulate,and consolidate within the tar-get area of water plugging.This issue leads to substantial engineering workload and prolonged grouting duration.Future development directions include(1)deepening the theoretical research on grouting under flowing water,establishing en-gineering disciplines for water inrush control under flowing water,and developing control standards for grouting engin-eering under flowing water;(2)constructing transparent geological systems for factors controlling water filling in mines;and(3)the research and development(R&D)of grouting materials with controllable diffusion ranges and flow direc-tions,high bond strength,excellent toughness,encouraging impermeability,excellent injectivity,low costs,and wide sources,as well as the R&D of efficient,controllable,and intelligent grouting equipment and processes.关键词
底板灰岩水害/动水治理/注浆截流/含水层堵源/保浆袋囊/流固耦合/堵水效果Key words
limestone water inrush from a coal seam floor/control under flowing water/cutting off water through grout-ing/blocking water sources in aquifers/grout-conserving bag/fluid-solid coupling/water plugging performance分类
矿业与冶金引用本文复制引用
杨志斌..煤层底板突水灾害动水治理技术及堵水效果研究[J].煤田地质与勘探,2026,54(4):164-177,14.基金项目
国家自然科学基金项目(52374255) （52374255）
黔科合重大专项项目([2024]029-03) （[2024]029-03）
陕西省创新能力支撑计划项目(2024RS-CXTD-44) （2024RS-CXTD-44）
