丝绸2026，Vol.63Issue(5)：79-88,10.DOI:10.3969∕j.issn.1001-7003.2026.05.009
共混罗布麻纤维的油水乳液分离及染料吸附用复合材料开发
Development of composite materials for oil-water emulsion separation and dye adsorption in blended Apocynum venetum fibers
摘要
Abstract
With the rapid development of petrochemical and textile dyeing industries,the discharge of oily wastewater and colored wastewater has been continuously increasing,making effective treatment a hot topic in environmental engineering.These waste liquids contain complex and diverse components,including oil pollutants with varying physical states—such as light oils that easily form volatile organic compounds(VOCs)due to low boiling points,and heavy oils that persist in the environment due to high viscosity and strong adhesion—along with insoluble dyes that are difficult to biodegrade.These pollutants not only pose serious threats to aquatic ecosystems but also directly impact water resource security and human health.Traditional treatment methods like centrifugal separation and chemical demulsification,while capable of separating oil-water mixtures to some extent,generally suffer from drawbacks such as high energy consumption,low efficiency,potential secondary pollution,and limited effectiveness in removing insoluble dyes,making them inadequate for meeting increasingly stringent environmental protection requirements.Therefore,researchers urgently need to develop new separation materials that are efficient,environmentally friendly,and can simultaneously treat multiple types of pollutants. In recent years,oil-water emulsion separation materials designed based on the principle of special wetting properties have demonstrated significant potential in wastewater treatment due to their precisely controllable surface characteristics(such as superhydrophobic∕superhydrophilic or superhydrophilic∕superhydrophobic)and excellent separation selectivity.These materials achieve efficient interception and selective permeation of specific phases(oil or water)through synergistic design of surface chemical composition and microstructure.However,real industrial wastewater often exhibits complex contamination characteristics,including coexisting light and heavy oils,emulsified oil droplets(water-in-oil or oil-in-water),and dissolved dyes,which impose higher requirements on material pore size distribution,chemical stability,anti-pollution capability,and multifunctionality.Nevertheless,currently synthesized artificial wetting-based separation materials frequently face challenges such as complex preparation processes,high costs,and poor environmental compatibility,which hinder their large-scale application. In this context,natural biomass materials with diverse sources,biodegradability,and environmental friendliness have emerged as promising alternatives due to their unique structural advantages and sustainability.The Apocynum venetum fiber,a natural biomass fiber with abundant multi-level pore structures and excellent mechanical properties,features surface-rich hydroxyl groups and other reactive functional groups that provide abundant sites for functional modification.Although unmodified natural fibers show potential,they often suffer from limitations such as insufficient chemical stability and poor adsorption selectivity,making it challenging to effectively address complex oil∕emulsion∕dye composite contamination systems. In this study,we integrated the design principles of Apocynum venetum fibers with specialized wetting materials.Through molecular structure design and one-step blending modification,we successfully developed a multifunctional composite material(Apocynum fiber@BPEI-5Acl)featuring hierarchical porous structure and exceptional wetting properties.During synthesis,we optimized the mass ratio of polyacrylate compounds,amino-branching substances,and Apocynum venetum fibers to enhance the material's oil-water emulsion separation performance and dye adsorption capacity.Systematic investigations were conducted on mechanical resilience,pore-size-dependent adsorption selectivity,and cyclic durability through compression cycles,emulsion adsorption kinetics,and contamination resistance tests.Key performance metrics included efficient separation of immiscible oil-water mixtures,destabilization of stable oil-in-water emulsions(including light and heavy oils),and effective adsorption of soluble dyes(e.g.,acid-based cochineal red).These findings pave the way for developing high-performance,sustainable wastewater treatment materials that integrate oil-water separation,emulsion destabilization,and dye adsorption capabilities.关键词
超浸润材料/罗布麻纤维/油水分离/乳液分离/染料吸附/一步法合成Key words
super-infiltrating materials/Apocynum venetum fiber/oil-water separation/emulsion separation/dye adsorption/one-step synthesis分类
轻工纺织引用本文复制引用
谭雪慧,井一凡,龙委世,王增坤,陈诚,姜黎..共混罗布麻纤维的油水乳液分离及染料吸附用复合材料开发[J].丝绸,2026,63(5):79-88,10.基金项目
新疆维吾尔自治区重点研发任务专项项目(2022B01045-4) （2022B01045-4）
