西部人居环境学刊2026，Vol.41Issue(2)：54-63,10.DOI:10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20241112008
基于多源数据的发热门诊配置评估与优化
Evaluation and configuration optimization of fever clinic based on multi-source data:A case study of Harbin
摘要
Abstract
As a crucial frontier for responding to public health emergencies,fever clinics play an irreplaceable role in safeguarding the life and health of urban and rural residents and improving the epidemic prevention and control system.The scientific rationality of their spatial layout directly determines the response efficiency of urban and rural epidemic prevention and control,as well as the effectiveness of early monitoring and intervention of infectious diseases.Taking 128 streets(townships)in seven municipal districts of Harbin as the research area,this study aims to achieve"efficient accessibility and full coverage of fever clinic medical resource layout"and proposes a comprehensive planning evaluation and implementation framework for fever clinics,which consists of three core links:"accessibility evaluation-site selection model optimization-suitability assessment aided decision-making".To accurately assess the current layout characteristics of fever clinics,this study adopts a 1 km grid as the minimum research unit,which does not only capture the spatial differences of population and POI with high precision but also aligns with the 15-minute community living circle planning.Based on multi-source data including administrative division data,population distribution raster data,road traffic network data,fever clinic information,and POI data,the Gaussian two-step floating catchment area method(2SFCA)is used to evaluate the accessibility of population demand and fever clinic supply.This method is improved in three aspects:demand point data precision,actual travel time calculation based on road network speed using OD cost matrix,and spatial attenuation rule establishment with Gaussian function,ensuring the accuracy of accessibility evaluation results.The evaluation results reveal significant inequities in the accessibility of fever clinic services in Harbin.Fever clinics show an obvious single-center agglomeration feature in old urban areas such as Nangang and Xiangfang,while peripheral urban areas and remote townships have become weak areas and blank areas with poor accessibility.Specifically,Songbei District has no fever clinics at all,and 8 townships in Hulan District have zero accessibility due to long transportation distances.To address this problem,the K-means clustering algorithm is first used to determine the minimum number of new fever clinics required under the 30-minute travel threshold,and the result shows that 10 new facilities need to be added.Subsequently,the Particle Swarm Optimization(PSO)algorithm,which is advantageous for global optimization with fast convergence speed and few parameters,is applied to select the location coordinates of the 10 new fever clinics,with the goal of minimizing the total travel distance weighted by population demand.Considering the characteristics of fever clinics as infectious disease surveillance medical facilities,a risk factor index system consisting of four primary categories and 14 secondary indicators is constructed to evaluate the planning suitability of newly added fever clinics.The primary categories include population demand and medical base(population density,elderly density,medical density),traffic conditions(traffic convenience,road density),risk factors(distance to airports/stations,subway entrances,comprehensive markets,commercial facilities,catering establishments,entertainment venues,and schools),and hazard factors(distance to chemical enterprises and gas stations).The combined weighting method,integrating the analytic hierarchy process(AHP)for subjective weighting and the entropy weight method for objective weighting(with equal weight of 50%each),is used to determine the weight of each indicator,ensuring the comprehensiveness and rationality of the evaluation.Based on the suitability evaluation results,the initial site selection results of the PSO algorithm are adjusted to enhance the feasibility and operability of the planning.The adjustment principle prioritizes existing medical facilities with high suitability evaluation levels within a 4 877 m buffer zone(half of the average travel distance between townships).Finally,the optimized site selection plan includes two secondary medical institutions,one community health service center,six township health centers,and one village clinic,among which one village clinic needs to be upgraded and 1 township health center requires relocation and merger to meet the standardized configuration requirements of fever clinics.This study comprehensively addresses the practical problems of uneven distribution,insufficient coverage,and poor operability of planning in the current layout of fever clinics.The proposed technical framework and optimization strategies do not only provide a feasible solution for the spatial layout optimization of fever clinics in Harbin but also offer valuable references for the planning and construction of emergency medical facilities such as fever clinics in other cities in China.It helps to improve the overall capacity of epidemic prevention and control,strengthen social system resilience,and promote the construction of a healthy and reasonable urban medical and health epidemic prevention facility system.关键词
发热门诊/多源数据/粒子群算法/适宜性评价/哈尔滨Key words
fever clinic/multi-source data/Partide Swarm Optimizaticm(PSO)/suitability evaluation/Harbin分类
建筑与水利引用本文复制引用
许大明,吴倩,冯颖堃..基于多源数据的发热门诊配置评估与优化[J].西部人居环境学刊,2026,41(2):54-63,10.基金项目
国家自然科学基金面上项目(52478047) （52478047）
国家自然科学基金青年项目(41001096) （41001096）
