数字海洋与水下攻防2026，Vol.9Issue(1)：81-88,8.DOI:10.19838/j.issn.2096-5753.2026.01.008
有限孔径下超指向性平面阵优化设计
Optimization of Superdirective Planar Arrays under Finite-Aperture Constraints
摘要
Abstract
This paper addresses the optimized design of hydrophone arrays under finite-aperture constraints and investigates four planar array configurations:uniform circular array,five-layer nested circular array,8-arm logarithmic spiral array,and umbrella skeleton array.By establishing mathematical models for each array configuration,a comparative analysis is performed on key performance parameters of the directivity functions,including mainlobe width and maximum sidelobe level,as well as the maximum directivity factor in isotropic noise fields.Furthermore,an optimized design procedure for superdirective arrays is presented.Simulation results indicate that the uniform circular array achieves the narrowest horizontal mainlobe width and the lowest sidelobe level,while exhibiting the widest elevational mainlobe width,making it suitable for applications such as underwater omnidirectional target surveillance.In contrast,the umbrella skeleton array demonstrates the narrowest elevational mainlobe width and the second-lowest sidelobe level,however,it also exhibits the widest horizontal mainlobe width,rendering it appropriate for wide-angle surveillance of aerial targets.The performance of the other two arrays lies between these two extremes.This study provides a theoretical foundation and design reference for array selection in various underwater acoustic detection scenarios.关键词
超指向性阵列/波束形成/3 dB 主瓣宽度/指向性因子/最高旁瓣级Key words
superdirective arrays/beamforming/3 dB mainlobe width/directivity factor/maximum sidelobe level分类
交通工程引用本文复制引用
王之然,夏庆文,李醇仰,吴艳群,郭微..有限孔径下超指向性平面阵优化设计[J].数字海洋与水下攻防,2026,9(1):81-88,8.基金项目
国家自然科学基金"深海沉积层低频声聚焦机理及海底水平阵高增益探测方法研究"(42576196) （42576196）
湖南省大学生创新创业训练计划项目"智声追踪——基于可变性麦克风阵列的声源定位技术"(S20259002164) （S20259002164）
湖南省自然科学基金"深海海底分布式多阵列大尺度声场空间相关性及高增益探测方法研究"(2024JJ5403). （2024JJ5403）
