西部人居环境学刊2026，Vol.41Issue(2)：178-186,9.DOI:10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20250224004
传统聚落景观环境脆弱性的量化评价与动态监控研究
Research on quantitative evaluation and dynamic monitoring of the vulnerability of traditional settlement landscape environment:A case study of 206 traditional village landscape units in the Wuling Mountain Area
摘要
Abstract
The accelerated urbanization process and rapid development of rural tourism in China have critically highlighted the vulnerability of traditional settlement landscape environments,positioning it as a pivotal issue for sustainable development within the framework of territorial spatial planning.Traditional settlements are increasingly confronting a spectrum of pressing challenges including rapid physical decay,the erosion of distinctive regional character,the loss of cultural heritage,and a weakening of communal identity,all of which severely inhibit their sustainable development and underscore the inherent fragility of these cultural landscapes amidst the broader push for rural revitalization.In response,national policy directives,such as the guidelines jointly issued by the Ministry of Natural Resources and the National Cultural Heritage Administration,explicitly mandate the integration of historically and culturally rich zones—particularly those characterized by concentrated and contiguous traditional settlement landscapes—into spatial planning through enforceable protection boundaries and form-based control indicators.Consequently,the scientific evaluation of traditional settlement landscape vulnerability is progressively being incorporated into the broader technical framework for assessing resource and environmental carrying capacity,solidifying its status as a significant and actionable subject within territorial spatial planning agendas.To scientifically evaluate the dynamic evolution and underlying causative mechanisms of this vulnerability,this study focuses on 206 traditional village landscape units within the high-density traditional settlement clusters of the Wuling Mountain Area,a region renowned for its rich ethnic tapestry of Tujia and Miao communities and its exceptionally well-preserved,yet increasingly threatened,cultural landscapes.Guided by the holistic concept of rural human-land symbiosis,which emphasizes the dynamic equilibrium and interdependent relationship between human communities and their natural environment,the study developed a comprehensive and multidimensional vulnerability assessment framework.This framework systematically encompasses six core dimensions:physical space,ecological foundation,cultural ecology,social structure,economic system,and specific vulnerabilities,which are further operationalized through the tripartite lens of exposure,sensitivity,and adaptive capacity—a model widely recognized and adapted from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(IPCC).Utilizing a mixed-methods approach that combines qualitative analysis,comprehensive index methods,spatial statistics,and geographic information system(GIS)techniques via the ArcGIS platform,it meticulously collected and analyzed decadal data(2012-2022)to reveal the intricate spatiotemporal evolution patterns and spatial differentiation characteristics of vulnerability across the study area.Key findings elucidate several critical trends and patterns:firstly,an analysis of temporal evolution indicates that traditional settlement landscape units exhibited a persistently increasing trend in exposure levels,a sensitivity that demonstrated annual fluctuations but followed a gradual overall upward trajectory,and a continuously declining adaptive capacity over the studied decade;these three converging dynamics collectively drove a clear upward trajectory in the composite vulnerability indices,signaling a weakening resilience of these systems against internal and external pressures.Secondly,the spatial distribution of vulnerability exhibits a distinct and coherent"perimeter-high and center-low"geographical pattern,where villages with significantly higher vulnerability values are predominantly and consistently located at the administrative junctions of four counties or linearly along county boundaries,with the highest recorded vulnerability value at a critical four-county junction reaching 0.379,while the lowest values in the more geographically central and contiguous areas measured only 0.071,highlighting the heightened risk profile of peripheral and administratively marginal settlements.Thirdly,through the application of a diagnostic obstacle degree model,eight key vulnerability-inducing factors were identified as the core stressors driving landscape fragility;among these,explicit factors—directly observable and quantifiable drivers including traditional building land scale,village spatial pattern integrity,old-new landscape compatibility,and infrastructure conflicts—collectively accounted for a significant cumulative obstacle contribution rate of 36.573%,whereas implicit factors—indirect,systemic,and often non-material drivers such as rural population hollowing,insufficient village maintenance funding,industrial substitution risks,and diminished cultural identity—contributed a substantial 33.493%collectively,with the analysis further revealing that the overall obstacle contribution rate of implicit factors surpasses that of explicit ones,indicating that implicit factors pose a deeper,more pervasive,and potentially greater long-term systemic risk to the sustainability of these traditional landscapes.These robust findings underscore the complex and layered nature of traditional settlement vulnerability,demonstrating that it stems not only from immediate physical and environmental pressures but is fundamentally rooted in longer-term socio-structural disintegration and cultural-adaptive deficiencies.Consequently,the study proposes the establishment of a dual-track,hierarchical dynamic monitoring system:this system prioritizes the immediate tracking and mitigation of explicit factors through practical measures such as delineating traditional building land protection red lines,establishing digital"architectural health files"for regular assessment,and enforcing stringent landscape compatibility standards for new interventions,while simultaneously implementing systematic,long-term monitoring and governance of implicit factors through integrated strategies such as digital"cultural gene bank"projects for safeguarding intangible heritage,innovating local governance models like"community elder councils"to enhance social cohesion,and creating dedicated funding mechanisms with performance-linked oversight.Ultimately,this integrated approach aims to foster synergistic monitoring that effectively bridges spatial restoration with economic revitalization and cultural renewal,thereby providing scientifically grounded spatial optimization strategies and a replicable methodological framework for the dynamic monitoring,concentrated conservation,and resilience enhancement of high-density traditional village clusters within ecologically and culturally sensitive regions such as the Wuling Mountain Area and beyond.关键词
传统聚落/景观脆弱性/致脆因子/量化评价/动态监控/武陵山区Key words
traditional settlements/landscape vulnerability/vulnerability-inducing factors/quantitative evaluation/dynamic monitoring/Wuling Mountain Area分类
建筑与水利引用本文复制引用
郑舰,邓集铉,蒋杰敏..传统聚落景观环境脆弱性的量化评价与动态监控研究[J].西部人居环境学刊,2026,41(2):178-186,9.基金项目
湖南省社会科学成果评审委员会课题(XSP24YBC367) （XSP24YBC367）
