广东农业科学2026，Vol.53Issue(3)：53-64,12.DOI:10.16768/j.issn.1004-874X.2026.03.005
不同稻种资源抗旱性综合评价
Comprehensive Evaluation of Drought Resistance in Different Rice Germplasm Resources
摘要
Abstract
[Objective]Freshwater shortages pose a serious threat to the development of rice production,leading to yield losses.This study aims to comprehensively evaluate the drought resistance of core rice germplasm,identify morphological and physiological differences in how different rice accessions respond to drought stress,helps provide a theoretical basis for the screening and breeding of drought-resistant rice varieties.[Method]Fourteen typical rice germplasm accessions were used as test materials.Their agronomic traits were assessed under drought stress,with conventional paddy field cultivation serving as the control.Fifteen agronomic traits were measured during the tillering stage,grain-filling stage,maturity stage,and a drought resistance index and coefficients were calculated.A comprehensive array of physiological indicators was measured at the boosting stage,encompassing CAT activity,MDA,soluble sugar,and proline(Pro)contents.The physiological differences among different rice germplasms were analyzed using variance analysis,and their drought resistance was comprehensively evaluated using correlation analysis,principal component analysis,membership function analysis,and cluster analysis.[Result]Drought stress inhibited rice growth,with yield traits being the most sensitive to drought(drought resistance index 0.20-0.27).Plant height,leaf area,panicle length,panicle formation rate,filled grain number,thousand-grain weight,and grain-setting rate showed extremely significant positive correlations with the drought resistance coefficient,while tillers number showed a significant negative correlation with the drought resistance coefficient.Principal component analysis identified three principal components with a cumulative contribution of 83.207％.Comprehensive evaluation screened out 3 highly drought-resistant accessions('Kao deng','Kao kao',and'Xilu 53',with a comprehensive drought resistance value of D≥0.790),10 moderately drought-resistant accessions,and 1 drought-sensitive accession('Azucena').The MDA content and CAT activity of highly drought-resistant rice accessions were both significantly lower than those of the drought-sensitive accession;soluble sugar content decreased in a gradient as drought resistance increased,with highly significant differences observed among the different drought resistance types;there were no significant differences in Pro content.[Conclusion]Plant height,leaf area,number of tillers,and panicle length can serve as simple auxiliary indicators for the preliminary evaluation of rice drought resistance.The synergistic maintenance of panicle formation rate,grain-setting rate,and thousand-grain weight are the core indicators of drought resistance and stable yields.Three highly drought-resistant germplasm accessions were identified;under drought stress,they primarily rely on membrane protection mechanisms to withstand adverse conditions,rather than achieving drought resistance through the massive accumulation of osmoregulatory substances.关键词
水稻/抗旱性/主成分分析/形态生理/综合评价/种质资源Key words
rice/drought resistance/principal component analysis/morphophysiology/comprehensive evaluation/germplasm resources分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
单妍珊,李云萍,徐鹏,范学良,吕佳佳,刘贵周..不同稻种资源抗旱性综合评价[J].广东农业科学,2026,53(3):53-64,12.基金项目
中国科学院"乡村振兴科技助力计划"项目(KCXFZJ-DDBF-202403、KFJ-XCZX-202301) （KCXFZJ-DDBF-202403、KFJ-XCZX-202301）
中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园"十四五"科技支撑计划项目(292023000131) （292023000131）
