国际论坛2026，Vol.28Issue(3)：79-98,20.DOI:10.13549/j.cnki.cn11-3959/d.2026.03.005
特朗普政府电力战略与美国人工智能的竞争力局限
Power Strategy of the Trump Administration and Competitive Constraints on the U.S.AI Industry
摘要
Abstract
Amid escalating Artificial Intelligence(AI)competition with China,the U.S.AI industry is increasingly confronted with a pronounced imbalance between electricity supply and demand.This is primarily reflected in the rapid surge in power demand driven by the expansion of AI computing capacity-a trend that has laid bare the slow growth of the country's power generation capability and the insufficient resilience of its grid infrastructure,directly resulting in power bottlenecks that constrain the construction and expansion of data centers for numerous AI companies.In response,the U.S.government is strategically focused on enhancing electricity supply capacity to support the nation's economy and the growth of its AI industry.Key measures include relying on fossil fuel power generation and reviving nuclear energy to meet the electricity demands of AI;improving the operational efficiency of the power grid through increased investment;and encouraging tech giants to bear the costs of constructing electricity infrastructure.However,several constraints within the electricity sector will limit the U.S.ability to strengthen its advantages in AI.These constraints manifest in three primary ways:insufficient domestic manufacturing capacity for equipment needed to build and upgrade power infrastructure;limitations in the policy direction of the Trump administration's electricity industry development;and a market orientation favoring short-term returns that erodes investment in long-term power infrastructure projects.Consequently,these dynamics are shifting the focus of the Sino-American AI competition from a single technological contest towards a competition in energy efficiency underpinned by technology.关键词
人工智能/特朗普政府/电力战略/能源/美国对华竞争Key words
artificial intelligence/Trump Administration/electric power strategy/energy/U.S.competition with China分类
社会科学引用本文复制引用
孙海泳..特朗普政府电力战略与美国人工智能的竞争力局限[J].国际论坛,2026,28(3):79-98,20.基金项目
本文系2025年度国家社科基金重大课题"二战后世界经济格局变迁规律研究"(项目批准号:25&ZD104)的阶段性成果. （项目批准号:25&ZD104）
