中国妇幼健康研究2026，Vol.37Issue(5)：33-41,9.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1673-5293.2026.05.005
妊娠期体重增加不当对孕产妇及其婴儿不良结局的影响
Effect of improper weight gain during pregnancy on adverse outcomes of pregnant women and their infants:a multicenter retrospective study of a cohort of preterm pregnant women
摘要
Abstract
Objective The relationship between improper gestational weight gain(GWG)and adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes and the risk of severe complications in preterm infants among preterm pregnant women.Methods A multicenter retrospective cohort study design was adopted to collect clinical data of preterm pregnant women and their newborns from 5 hospitals in Xinjiang region from January 2023 to December 2024.The pregnant women were divided into the GWG appropriate group(n=1 508),the GWG insufficient group(n=455),and the GWG excessive group(n=858).The GWG appropriate group was used as the reference group,and a multiple logistic regression model was established to analyze the impact of GWG on adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes and severe complications in preterm infants.Results The average age of pregnant women in the GWG excessive group was higher than that in the GWG insufficient and appropriate groups(F=5.017,P<0.05).The gestational weeks of pregnant women in the GWG appropriate group were higher than those in the GWG insufficient and excessive groups(H=113.115,P<0.05).The risk of cesarean section(aOR=1.370,95%CI:1.070-1.754),gestational hypertension(aOR=1.337,95%CI:1.083-1.652),preeclampsia(aOR=1.230,95%CI:1.018-1.486),and gestational diabetes mellitus(aOR=1.335,95%CI:1.049-1.698,P<0.05)was increased in the GWG excessive group.The risk of preeclampsia in the GWG insufficient group was reduced(aOR=0.743,95%CI:0.574-0.963,P<0.05).The preterm infants in the GWG excessive and GWG insufficient groups had smaller birth weight,length,and head circumference compared to the GWG appropriate group,and the differences were statistically significant(H=108.003,76.862,and 89.875,respectively,P<0.05).Compared with the GWG appropriate group,the risk of early-onset sepsis in preterm infants in the GWG excessive group increased by 66.2%(aOR=1.662,95%CI:1.255-2.202),and the risk of moderate to severe broncho-pulmonary dysplasia increased by 74.6%(aOR=1.746,95%CI:1.149-2.654).Conclusion The risk of gestational hypertension,cesarean section,preeclampsia,and gestational diabetes mellitus in the group with excessive GWG is increased.During pregnancy,weight management should be strengthened to reduce the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes.关键词
妊娠期体重增加/早产/母婴结局/并发症Key words
gestational weight gain/preterm birth/maternal-infant outcomes/complication分类
医药卫生引用本文复制引用
王洪娟,李彤,朱艳萍..妊娠期体重增加不当对孕产妇及其婴儿不良结局的影响[J].中国妇幼健康研究,2026,37(5):33-41,9.基金项目
新疆维吾尔自治区"天山英才"培养计划医药卫生高层次人才培养项目(TSYC202401A020) （TSYC202401A020）
