广西科学院学报2026，Vol.42Issue(1)：13-24,12.DOI:10.13657/j.cnki.gxkxyxb.20260424.002
海南岛及其近岸海草地理分布与影响因素分析
Analysis of the Geographical Distribution and Influencing Fac-tors of Seagrass Resources in Hainan Island and Its Coastal Are-as
摘要
Abstract
The seagrass bed is a key component of the coastal marine ecosystem.It has important ecological functions such as carbon sequestration,carbon storage,maintenance of biodiversity,purification of water qual-ity,and stabilization of coastal topography.Based on the survey results of the seagrass bed system of Hainan Academy of Ocean and Fisheries Sciences from 2019 to 2023,combined with the latest research results at home and abroad,the geographical distribution pattern of seagrass resources in Hainan Island and its coastal areas was systematically analyzed.this paper systematically analyzes the geographical distribution pattern of seagrass resources in Hainan Island and its coastal areas,the mechanism of sediment type,water quality envi-ronment,human activities and other factors on the distribution of seagrasses was explored,and the protection and restoration strategies of seagrass beds suitable for the characteristics of Hainan Island were proposed in this article.The results showed that the total distribution area of seagrass in Hainan Island and its coastal ar-eas was about 5 537.69 hm2.The seagrass resources were highly concentrated in the coastal areas of bays and lagoons,and the distribution characteristics were dominated by the east coast and dispersed along the other coasts.The distribution area of the east coast was 4 218.10 hm2,accounting for 76.17%of the total distribu-tion area,which was the core distribution area.A total of 14 species of seagrass belonging to 9 genera and 4 families were recorded,and 10 common species belonging to 6 genera and 2 families were recorded.Regional dominant species differentiation was significant.Thalassia hemprichii and Enhalus acoroides were the domi-nant species in the east and south coasts,while Halophila beccarii and Halophila ovalis were the dominant species in the west and north coasts.The seagrass plants in the multi-species coexistence coastal area show the gradient distribution characteristics of near-shore short and far-shore tall.The sediment type is the core natural factor that determines the basic distribution pattern of seagrass species in Hainan Island and its coast-al areas.The water quality environment(nutrients,salinity,water transparency)further affects the distribu-tion range and growth status of seagrass.Human activities such as coastal aquaculture and reclamation are the main human factors that lead to the degradation of coastal seagrass beds.The south bank of the east coast is mainly affected by reclamation,and the north bank of the west coast is mainly affected by coastal aquacul-ture.Based on the research results,an all-round seagrass bed protection system of"precise monitoring-spe-cial legislation-zonal protection-local restoration-national participation"is proposed to provide localized theoretical support and practical reference for the conservation and restoration of coastal seagrass resources in Hainan Island,and promote the sustainable development of seagrass bed ecosystem.关键词
海南岛/近岸海草/海草床/地理分布/影响因素/保护策略Key words
Hainan Island/coastal seagrass/seagrass beds/geographical distribution/influencing factors/con-servation suggestion分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
沈捷,王静,陈石泉,蔡泽富,张剑,贾舒雯,王道儒..海南岛及其近岸海草地理分布与影响因素分析[J].广西科学院学报,2026,42(1):13-24,12.基金项目
国家自然科学基金项目(42306169,42166006),海南省重点研发项目(ZDYF2024SHFZ146,ZDYF2025SHFZ037),海南省自然科学基金高层次人才项目(323RC554),海南省哲学社会科学规划课题[HNSK(YB)24-10],自然资源部2024年度部省合作项目(2024ZRBSHZ102),北京市企业家环保基金会项目(ZZ-1732754506,ZZ-1743654418)和深圳市质兰公益基金会捐赠项目(2024070051B)资助. （42306169,42166006）
