湖北农业科学2026，Vol.65Issue(5)：63-69,7.DOI:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2026.05.010
秸秆还田量对旱地麦田土壤氮素动态及小麦产量形成的影响
Effects of straw return rate on soil nitrogen dynamics and wheat yield formation in dryland wheat fields
摘要
Abstract
To address issues such as excessive chemical fertilizer application in dryland wheat fields on the Loess Plateau,and to clari-fy the effects of different straw return rates replacing chemical fertilizers on soil nitrogen pool dynamics and yield formation in dryland winter wheat systems,a field experiment was conducted in the dryland wheat region of southern Shanxi on the Loess Plateau from 2018 to 2023(five consecutive years),with four treatments:no straw return(S0),half-rate straw return(S1/2),full-rate straw return(S1),and double-rate straw return(S2).The impacts of different straw return rates on soil nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency,soil nitro-gen pool dynamics,and winter wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)yield formation were systematically analyzed.The results showed that straw return replacing chemical fertilizers reduced soil residual nitrate nitrogen.Compared with the initial stage of the experiment in 2018,the total nitrate nitrogen accumulation in the 0-200 cm soil layer at harvest in 2023 decreased by 54.40％-87.54％,whereas that in the 160-200 cm soil layer increased by 4.55％-425.32％,indicating a downward leaching trend of nitrate nitrogen.In terms of nitrogen budget,straw return substituting chemical fertilizers increased soil nitrogen surplus and apparent nitrogen loss;specifically,S2 significantly increased these indices by 70.70％and 198.89％,respectively,compared with S0(P<0.05).Straw return enhanced soil labile organic nitrogen contents.The contents of microbial biomass nitrogen,dissolved organic nitrogen,light fraction organic ni-trogen,and total nitrogen in S2 were significantly higher than those in S0 by 62.58％,33.09％,160.00％,and 14.29％,respectively(P<0.05),while no significant change was observed in heavy fraction organic nitrogen content.Straw return increased dryland winter wheat yield,with the grain yield in S1/2,S1,and S2 significantly higher than that in S0 by 11.06％,17.73％,and 31.80％,respec-tively(P<0.05).Overall,double-rate straw return[10 682 kg/(hm2·a)]could be recommended as an important technical measure for green and sustainable production of winter wheat in dryland areas of the Loess Plateau.关键词
秸秆还田/冬小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)/旱地麦田/土壤氮组分/产量Key words
straw return/winter wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)/dryland wheat fields/soil nitrogen components/yield分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
梁伊菲,汪光泽,王灏滢,段成娇,栗丽,谢钧宇,李廷亮..秸秆还田量对旱地麦田土壤氮素动态及小麦产量形成的影响[J].湖北农业科学,2026,65(5):63-69,7.基金项目
国家自然科学基金项目(42377356) （42377356）
山西省科技创新人才团队专项(202304051001042) （202304051001042）
山西农业大学科技创新提升工程项目(CXGC202414) （CXGC202414）
山西省基础研究计划项目(202403021211198) （202403021211198）
