程萌 1陈建宇 1荀钰娴 1马昭 2周宇 1杨萌1
作者信息
- 1. 辽宁省大连生态环境监测中心,辽宁 大连 116023
- 2. 大连市生态环境事务服务中心,辽宁 大连 116023
- 折叠
摘要
Abstract
[Objective]This study aims to investigate the contamination characteristics and potential risks of alkylphenols(APs)and bisphenol A(BPA)in different water bodies within the Shenyang-Ans-han section of the Liaohe River Basin,a typical industrial area.By tracing the entire chain from pollution sources to drinking water,we seek to elucidate their environmental behavior and provide a scientific basis for the precise control of emerging contaminants in the region.[Method]In August 2025,wastewater sam-ples from 3 chemical and 4 printing/dyeing enterprises,influent and effluent from 5 wastewater treatment plants(WWTPs),surface water from surrounding rivers(Hun River,Xi River,Jiefang River,Yunliang River),and groundwater from 2 drinking water sources were collected.The concentrations and composi-tions of 9 alkylphenols and bisphenol A were analyzed using gas chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry.Ecological risk was assessed using the risk quotient method,and health risk was evaluated through estimated daily intake(EDI)via drinking water.[Result]Total concentrations of target com-pounds in industrial wastewater ranged from 0.43 to 9.75 μg/L.The composition in printing/dyeing wastewater was dominated by bisphenol A(BPA),4-branched nonylphenol(BNP),and 4-nonylphenol(4-NP),while chemical wastewater showed significant variations depending on the production process.In WWTPs,total influent concentrations ranged from 0.55 to 6.28 μg/L,and effluent from 0.15 to 0.81 μg/L,with an average removal efficiency of 80.1%by the AAO process.BPA,BNP,and 4-NP were predominant in both influent and effluent,with domestic sewage identified as the primary source.Total concentrations in surface water ranged from 0.21 to 0.83 μg/L,with an average(0.41 μg/L)higher than that of WWTP effluent(0.35 μg/L).The concentration at reference sections exceeded that at reduction sections,indicating that WWTP effluent was not the main contributor to river pollution;non-point source inputs may be more significant.Total concentrations in the two drinking water sources were 0.52 μg/L and 0.19 μg/L,respectively,with an average(0.35 μg/L)comparable to surface water.Ecological risk assessment indicated an overall low risk to aquatic organisms,though BNP posed a medi-um risk(Rew=0.11～0.21)to fish and daphnia at a few sites.The selection of PNEC values significant-ly influenced the risk conclusions.Health risk assessment showed that the EDI of APs and BPA via drinking water for both adults and children were far below existing guidance levels,suggesting no immedi-ate health concern.[Conclusion]This study provides the first quantitative characterization of APs and BPA across the entire chain from pollution sources to drinking water in an industrial agglomeration area of the Liaohe River Basin.Key contributions include:① Confirming domestic sewage as the primary source and validating the effectiveness of the AAO process for APs and BPA removal;② Revising the conven-tional point-source-dominated paradigm by proposing that non-point source inputs may be a more signifi-cant contributor to receiving rivers;③ Identifying BNP as a regional characteristic contaminant of con-cern,highlighting its ecological risk and the methodological uncertainties in risk assessment;④ Revealing that groundwater contamination may be underestimated,underscoring the need for long-term monitoring of water sources.These findings provide critical scientific support for the precise management of emerging contaminants,prioritization of pollutants,and design of long-term monitoring programs in the region.关键词
烷基酚/双酚A/企业废水/污水处理厂/地表水/水源地/风险评价Key words
alkylphenols/bisphenol A/industrial wastewater/wastewater treatment plants/surface water/water sources/risk assessment分类
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