节水灌溉Issue(5)：48-55,8.DOI:10.12396/jsgg.2025406
不同秋浇定额对秋浇后-春播前土壤水分和盐分的影响
The Influence of Different Autumn Irrigation Water Quotas on the Variation Patterns of Soil Water and Salt from Post-autumn Irrigation to Pre-spring Sowing
摘要
Abstract
Autumn irrigation is a traditional practice in the Hetao Irrigation District for post-autumn salt leaching and spring soil moisture conservation,and is vital for agricultural production.Under the rigid constraints of water resources,formulating a reasonable water-saving autumn irrigation system is of great significance for improving the utilization efficiency of water resources in irrigation districts.Field trials were conducted from 2023 to 2024,with six autumn irrigation quota treatments:1 500 m3/hm2(W1),1 800 m3/hm2(W2),2 100 m3/hm2(W3),2 400 m3/hm2(W4),2 700 m3/hm2(W5),and 3 000 m3/hm2(W6)for treatment By analyzing the variation patterns of soil water and salt after autumn irrigation and the soil water and salt conditions before spring sowing,recommended water-saving autumn irrigation quotas for wheat and corn,tailored to current plot configuration,were proposed.The results show that autumn irrigation has a significant impact on the soil moisture content of 0～60 cm.After autumn irrigation,the soil moisture content of 0～20 cm increases by more than double(145.40%～171.59%),and the salt content decreases by 12.73%～34.59%.Moreover,the variation range increases with the increase of irrigation quota.When the autumn irrigation quota is less than 2 100 m3/hm2(W3),the effective leaching depth of soil salinity is 60 cm.When the irrigation quota is greater than 2 100 m3/hm2,the salt can be leached to a deeper level(below 100 cm).Overall,the 0～100 cm soil layer shows a desalination trend,with a salt leaching rate ranging from 1.37%to 15.70%.The water-increasing efficiency of the 0-100 cm soil layer before freezing was negatively correlated with the autumn irrigation quota,ranging from 47.60%to 61.77%.The water increase efficiency of wheat and corn before sowing showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with the autumn irrigation quota.The treatments with irrigation quotas of 1 800 m3/hm2(W2)and 2 100 m3/hm2(W3)performed the best,which were 67.79%,72.21%and 48.96%,53.37%respectively.The salt leaching efficiency of each treatment before freezing and before sowing of wheat and corn was positively correlated with the autumn irrigation quota.Moreover,the larger the soil salt storage before autumn irrigation,the higher the salt leaching efficiency.Taking into account the goals of water conservation,moisture retention and salt leaching comprehensively,the suitable autumn irrigation quota for wheat planting is 2 100 m3/hm2,and for corn planting,it is 2 400 m3/hm2.关键词
河套灌区/秋浇/灌水定额/土壤墒情/土壤盐分Key words
Hetao Irrigation District/autumn irrigation/irrigation quota/soil moisture/soil salinity分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
李亚平,王瑞萍,胡智远,夏玉红,敖云飞,黄永平..不同秋浇定额对秋浇后-春播前土壤水分和盐分的影响[J].节水灌溉,2026,(5):48-55,8.基金项目
内蒙古自治区科技重大专项"揭榜挂帅"项目(2023JBGS0003-03) （2023JBGS0003-03）
国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFC3201205). （2021YFC3201205）
