皮肤性病诊疗学杂志2026，Vol.33Issue(4)：305-314,10.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8468.2026.04.010
神经递质功能分组介导特应性皮炎的神经免疫调控机制研究进展
Research progress on neuroimmune regulatory mechanisms in atopic dermatitis mediated by functional groupings of neurotransmitters
摘要
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis(AD)is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by per-sistent inflammation,intractable pruritus,and skin barrier impairment,in which dysregulation of the neuro-immune-barrier network represents a key pathogenic mechanism.As major regulators of the neuroimmune axis,neurotransmitters can be functionally classified into excitatory,inhibitory,and auxiliary modulatory groups,and their imbalance directly contributes to inflammatory amplifi-cation,itch persistence,and barrier dysfunction in AD.Excitatory neurotransmitters,including norepinephrine/epinephrine,glutamate,and acetylcholine,mainly mediate inflammatory activa-tion and pruritic signal transmission through receptors such as β2-adrenergic receptor(β2AR),glutamate receptor kainate 2(GluK2),and nicotinic acetylcholine receptor(nAChR).Inhibitory neurotransmitters,such as γ-aminobutyric acid and glycine,regulate neural sensitization and maintain itch homeostasis through inhibitory circuits in the spinal dorsal horn.Auxiliary modulato-ry neurotransmitters,including tryptophan,5-hydroxytryptamine,and melatonin,are involved in barrier repair and inflammatory integration via metabolic pathways,circadian regulation,and mi-crobiota-related interactions.Translational evidence indicates that the AhR axis is now entering the stage of clinical therapeutic exploration,while GABA receptors,GluK2,HTR7,and topical me-latonin delivery remain largely at the preclinical stage.This review summarizes the core mecha-nisms and translational implications of functionally distinct neurotransmitter groups in AD,provi-ding a theoretical basis for the development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies targeting the neuroimmune axis.关键词
特应性皮炎/神经递质/神经免疫调控/瘙痒/皮肤屏障/γ-氨基丁酸/色氨酸Key words
atopic dermatitis/neurotransmitters/neuroimmune regulation/pruritus/skin barrier/γ-aminobutyric acid/tryptophan引用本文复制引用
李子琦,李婧,燕红霞,珠娜,木其日..神经递质功能分组介导特应性皮炎的神经免疫调控机制研究进展[J].皮肤性病诊疗学杂志,2026,33(4):305-314,10.基金项目
内蒙古自治区科技计划项目(2023YFSH0038) （2023YFSH0038）
