农机化研究2026，Vol.48Issue(9)：60-67,8.DOI:10.13427/j.issn.1003-188X.2026.09.008
西北旱区党参收获机挖掘铲设计与试验
Design and Experiment of the Excavating Shovel for Codonopsis pilosula Harvester
摘要
Abstract
Aiming at the Codonopsis pilosula harvester are confronted with issues including high digging resistance of the shovel and insufficient digging depth,which result in increased energy consumption,low operational efficiency,a high risk of Codonopsis pilosula root damage,and low digging rates,thus restricting the large-scale planting and standardized production of Codonopsis pilosula.This study focused on the main cultivated Codonopsis pilosula varieties in Weiyuan County,integrated the physical and mechanical properties of local loessial soil,and performed a dynamic analysis of the interactions among the digging shovel,soil,and Codonopsis pilosula plants during the harvesting process.Findings re-vealed the main operating parameters of digging shovel.Based on the discrete element method(DEM),a Codonopsis pilosula-soil-digging shovel coupled simulation model was constructed via EDEM software.Orthogonal combination simu-lation experiments were conducted,with operating speed,digging depth,and shovel surface angle as test factors and dig-ging resistance as the evaluation criterion.Multiple regression analysis was performed using Design-Expert software to de-velop a quadratic regression model.The model was validated through analysis of variance(ANOVA),demonstrating high significance and a good fitting degree,thus guaranteeing reliable predictive accuracy.Response surface methodology(RSM)was employed for parameter optimization,yielding the optimal combination as follows:operating speed of 0.79 m/s,digging depth of 131 mm,and shovel surface angle of 20.1°.EDEM simulation validation indicated that the minimum digging resistance under this parameter combination was 315.73 N,with a relative error of merely 1.6%com-pared to the predicted value,confirming the accuracy of the regression model.Soil bin tests were performed using the same soil texture and Codonopsis pilosula samples as in the simulation,and the actual measured digging resistance was 330.9 N,with a relative error of 4.58%against the simulation value,demonstrating excellent consistency between the test and simulation results.Field experiments conducted in Weiyuan County showed that the Codonopsis pilosula digging rate reached 96.61%and the damage rate was only 2.23%,both satisfying the agronomic requirements.关键词
党参/收获机/挖掘铲/离散元法/挖掘阻力Key words
Codonopsis pilosula/harvester/excavating shovel/discrete element method/excavation resistance分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
李海,杨小平,李辉..西北旱区党参收获机挖掘铲设计与试验[J].农机化研究,2026,48(9):60-67,8.基金项目
甘肃省高校产业支撑计划项目(2024CYZC-32) （2024CYZC-32）
