全球定位系统2026，Vol.51Issue(2)：18-29,12.DOI:10.12265/j.gnss.2026068
基于GNSS弱信号的环月航天器定轨方法研究
GNSS-based orbit determination for lunar orbiters
摘要
Abstract
To address the challenges of signal attenuation,side-lobe acquisition difficulty,and position dilution of precision(PDOP)degradation when GNSS signals serve spacecraft in cislunar space,this study investigates the feasibility of utilizing GNSS weak signals for positioning,navigation,and timing(PNT)of lunar-orbiting spacecraft.Antenna characteristic calibration is conducted based on in-flight weak signal experiment data from the distant retrograde orbit(DRO)satellite DRO-B of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.A multi-GNSS simulation platform is developed,and a hardware-in-the-loop system is established using the DRO-B backup receiver and the Spirent GSS9000 simulator.Receiver performance under different tracking sensitivities is evaluated,followed by geometric positioning and dynamic orbit determination analyses.Results indicate that with the receiver sensitivity of-176 dBW,GNSS weak signals could effectively support spacecraft positioning and orbit determination during the Earth-Moon transfer phase within 130 000 km,with a geometric positioning error at 100 m level.During the lunar orbiting phase,the receiver sensitivity must be further enhanced to-190 dBW to meet requirements,achieving a geometric positioning accuracy of 1.67-4.04 km(three-axis)and a orbit determination accuracy of 0.02-0.06 km(three-axis)after convergence.Spaceborne GNSS could be an effective supplement to ground-based orbit determination techniques.Stable positioning and timing using multi-GNSS near the Moon is applicable in the future by further improving acquisition and tracking sensitivity and integrating multi-source measurements.关键词
GNSS弱信号/旁瓣/地月空间/北斗卫星导航系统(BDS)/远距离逆行轨道(DRO)Key words
GNSS weak signal/side-lobe signal/cislunar space/BeiDou Navigation Satellite System(BDS)/DRO分类
天文与地球科学引用本文复制引用
王炫懋,毛新愿,高扬,舒磊正..基于GNSS弱信号的环月航天器定轨方法研究[J].全球定位系统,2026,51(2):18-29,12.基金项目
国家自然科学基金(42404044) （42404044）
中国科学院战略性先导专项A类项目(XDA30010300) （XDA30010300）
