气象科学2026，Vol.46Issue(2)：195-204,10.DOI:10.12306/2026jms.0009
2025/2026年冬季中国主要天气气候事件特征
Characteristics of the major weather and climate events in China during the winter of 2025/2026
摘要
Abstract
During the 2025/2026 winter,China experienced significant climate anomalies,dominated by an obvious overall warming trend.The national average temperature was 1.5℃higher than the same period of the normal year,ranking the second highest since 1961 for the corresponding period.In contrast,the national average winter precipitation was 35.3%lower than the normal,with considerable spatial variations;specifically,Tibet and Yunnan recorded the least precipitation since 1961 for this period,while Qinghai had the second least.The main meteorological disasters in this season were cold waves,droughts,and dusts,featuring strong intensity,wide-ranging impact,and prominent extremeness.Despite the overall warming background,extreme low temperature and extreme temperature drop events remained prominent:three different national meteorological observation stations broke or equaled historical extremes in daily minimum temperature and daily temperature drop range,indicating obvious cold-warm fluctuations.Throughout the season,there were 13 cold wave processes,2.7 times more than the normal;among them,five national-level cold waves and strong cold events moved southward,causing large-scale sharp temperature drops and continuous low temperatures.Meteorological drought developed in stages,showing a spatial pattern of"heavier in the south and lighter in the north",with persistently severe drought in western Southwest China,eastern and southeastern South China,which reached its peak in mid-to-late February.Dust weather was abnormally frequent and intense,with six regional processes,three of which reached the sandstorm level;strong processes were concentrated in late February,affecting most areas in northern China and bringing strong winds,blowing sand,and severe sandstorms to many places.Circulation analysis showed that during the 2025/2026 winter,the 500 hPa geopotential height field over the mid-high latitudes of Eurasia was dominated by a zonal circulation,with a weak East Asian trough located westward and northward;most parts of China were controlled by a positive height anomaly,which favored the higher-than-normal winter temperature.Additionally,the two national-level cold waves in this season were driven by abnormal mid-high latitude circulation,where the abnormal polar vortex,active trough-ridge system,and southward accumulation of cold air jointly affected most parts of China.关键词
气候特征/天气气候事件/冷空气/干旱/沙尘/冬季Key words
climate characteristics/weather and climate events/cold wave/drought/dust/winter分类
天文与地球科学引用本文复制引用
冯爱青,朱晓金,章大全,洪海旭,陈逸骁,王国复,尹宜舟..2025/2026年冬季中国主要天气气候事件特征[J].气象科学,2026,46(2):195-204,10.基金项目
国家重点研发计划项目(2024YFF0809202) （2024YFF0809202）
中国气象局气候预测研究重点开放实验室青年开放课题(26LCPS002) （26LCPS002）
中国气象局青年创新团队"气象灾害风险评估"(CMA2023QN01) （CMA2023QN01）
气候系统预测与变化应对全国重点实验室建设(CPRM-2025-NCC) （CPRM-2025-NCC）
