水力发电学报2026，Vol.45Issue(5)：30-43,14.DOI:10.11660/slfdxb.20260503
突破参数范围限制:梯度下降法在水文模型率定中的优势
Overcoming parameter boundary constraints.Advantages of gradient descent algorithms in hydrological model calibration
摘要
Abstract
Parameter calibration for process-driven hydrological models has long predominantly relied on traditional optimization algorithms such as Genetic Algorithms,while relatively fewer previous studies focused on parameter optimization based on the gradient descent methods.This study aims to examine the applicability of gradient descent algorithms in this field and compare their performance systematically against traditional optimization algorithms.We calibrate the parameters of the Hydrologiska Byråns Vattenbalansavdelning(HBV)model using six optimization methods－three gradient descent(GD)algorithms of Adam,AMSGrad,and Adadelta,and three traditional optimization algorithms of Covariance Matrix Adaptation Evolution Strategy(CMA-ES),Adaptive Simulated Annealing(ASA),and Genetic Algorithm(GA).The results indicate the GD algorithms are better in computational efficiency and simulation stability.They raise runoff fitting accuracy or Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency(NSE)by roughly 0.01-0.02 compared to traditional algorithms,and reduce Top Peak Error(TPE)by up to 23%.And,they can explore adaptively beyond initial parameter constraints－different from the traditional optimization algorithms that heavily rely on predefined parameter ranges－so that they are effective in guiding parameters toward a more physically reasonable space and significantly reducing dependence on parameter specification.This study has achieved an effective approach for hydrological model parameter optimization,useful for further theoretical or practical studies.关键词
HBV模型/梯度下降/参数率定/洪水模拟Key words
HBV model/gradient descent/parameter calibration/flood simulation分类
天文与地球科学引用本文复制引用
高帅,黄雯琦,郑徽峰,黄跃飞..突破参数范围限制:梯度下降法在水文模型率定中的优势[J].水力发电学报,2026,45(5):30-43,14.基金项目
国家自然科学基金(52409014) （52409014）
