陕西科技大学学报2026，Vol.44Issue(3)：44-52,9.
水化脱胶对冷榨核桃油品质的影响
The effect of hydration degumming on the quality of cold-pressed walnut oil
摘要
Abstract
China has the largest area of walnut cultivation and the highest production in the world.The unsaturated fatty acid content in walnut oil is over 90％,and it is rich in lipid-as-sociated substances.Cold pressing can retain the nutritional components of walnut oil to the greatest extent,but the phospholipids in cold-pressed walnut oil can affect its stability and quality.Hydration degumming is a simple and effective method to remove phospholipids from crude oil,but the impact of hydration degumming on the retention of lipid-associated sub-stances and the generation of lipid risk factors in crude oil is still unclear.This study aims to reveal the effects of hydration degumming on the physicochemical properties,fatty acid com-position,glyceride composition,triglyceride composition,retention of lipid-associated sub-stances and generation of lipid risk factors in cold-pressed walnut oil.The results showed that the acid value of walnut oil increased from 0.32 mg KOH/g to 0.45 mg KOH/g after degumming,and the peroxide value increased from 0.061 g/100 g to 0.068 g/100 g.The pro-portion of unsaturated fatty acids before and after hydration degumming was 91.99％and 89.39％,respectively,with no significant difference(P＞0.05).The content of each compo-nent of glycerides remained basically unchanged,and the molecular types of triglycerides were basically the same.The study found that oleic acid and linoleic acid were the main com-ponents at the sn-2 position of triglycerides,accounting for 86.27％.Some lipid-associated substances were lost in small amounts,with vitamin E(expressed as α-tocopherol equiva-lents)decreasing from 5.4 mg α-TE/100 g to 3.45 mg α-TE/100 g(retention rate of 63.89％),and β-sitosterol decreasing from 1 251.7 mg/kg to 1 055.1 mg/kg(retention rate of 84.29％).Squalene was not detected before and after hydration degumming.Two plasticizers,di butyl phthalate and di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate,were not detected.3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol esters and glycidyl esters decreased from 0.30 mg/kg and 0.16 mg/kg to 0.29 mg/kg and 0.15 mg/kg,respectively.The study shows that hydration degumming can cause a slight increase in acid value and peroxide value,with no significant difference in the composition of fatty acids and glycerides(P＞0.05),but it can cause the loss of vitamin E and β-sitosterol,and remove some lipid risk factors.This study provides theoretical support for the production of high-quality cold-pressed walnut oil.关键词
水化脱胶/冷榨核桃油/脂类风险因子/脂类伴随物/甘油三酯组成Key words
hydration degumming/cold-pressed walnut oil/lipid risk factors/lipid concomi-tants/trigl-yceride composition分类
轻工纺织引用本文复制引用
李遇豪,李道明,李改苗,赵思萱,刘东琴,田智辉..水化脱胶对冷榨核桃油品质的影响[J].陕西科技大学学报,2026,44(3):44-52,9.基金项目
国家自然科学基金项目(32001640) （32001640）
陕西省重点研发计划重点产业链(群)项目(2024NC-ZDCYL-04-18) （群）
陕西省商洛市科技计划项目(2024-绿色食品和健康医药(2024)-0005) （2024-绿色食品和健康医药(2024）
