岩矿测试2026，Vol.45Issue(3)：509-525,17.DOI:10.15898/j.ykcs.202510210261
柴达木盆地那棱格勒河流域地下水化学特征与形成机制研究
Hydrochemical Characteristics and Formation Mechanisms of Groundwater in the Nalenggele River Watershed of Qaidam Basin
摘要
Abstract
The Nalenggele River Basin,as a core water resource area in the Qaidam Basin,contains downstream salt lake groups that are critical components of a world-class salt lake industry base.Understanding the hydrochemical characteristics and formation mechanisms of groundwater in this basin is significant not only for deciphering the hydrochemical evolution processes in arid inland river basins and supporting the rational development and utilization of regional water resources,but also for providing a typical case study of hydrochemical processes associated with strategic resource enrichment in arid salt lake systems.In this work,groundwater samples were collected from the mountainous areas to the terminal salt lakes within the basin.By comprehensively applying methods including hydrochemical parameter analysis,hydrochemical diagrams,descriptive statistics,ion ratio analysis,and the chloro-alkaline indices,the spatial variation patterns and formation mechanisms of groundwater hydrochemical characteristics in the Nalenggele River Basin were analyzed.The results indicate that the groundwater has a pH range of 5.72-9.23 and total dissolved solids(TDS)concentration ranging from 528 to 345355.3 mg/L,with significant spatial variations in major/trace elements and hydrochemical controlling factors across different geomorphological units.From the mountainous area to the saline plain,groundwater gradually transitions from weakly alkaline to weakly acidic.Concentrations of TDS,Na+,and Cl-increase,while concentrations of Ca2+,Mg2+,HCO3-,andSO42-decrease.The hydrochemical type evolves from Cl·SO4-Mg·Ca type to Cl-Na type.Analysis of ionic end-members reveals significant differences along the groundwater flow path.In the early stages of groundwater formation,silicate weathering and dissolution are the dominant processes.As the flow path lengthens and evaporation intensifies,the dissolution of evaporite rocks becomes the predominant mechanism,leading to the formation of a Cl-Na dominated ionic assemblage,during which cation exchange gradually strengthens.Groundwater acts as a strategic enrichment carrier for Li+and B3+.The enrichment of these elements is primarily controlled by multi-source coupled geological processes,including deep hydrothermal input,rock weathering,and evaporative concentration,which are key drivers for the mineralization in the downstream salt lakes.The spatial heterogeneity of groundwater chemical characteristics along the geomorphic units in the Nalenggele River Basin is revealed in this study,along with the identification of the dominant mechanisms of ion end-member differentiation and the controlling effects of multi-source coupled geological processes on the enrichment of Li+and B3+.A direct basis for the zonal utilization of water resources and the enrichment of salt lake resources in arid inland river basins is also provided.The BRIEF REPORT is available for this paper at http://www.ykcs.ac.cn/en/article/doi/10.15898/j.ykcs.202510210261.关键词
地下水/水化学特征/空间分布/成因机制/柴达木盆地Key words
groundwater/hydrochemical characteristics/spatial distribution/genesis mechanism/Qaidam Basin分类
天文与地球科学引用本文复制引用
祁泽学,肖勇,张永兴,赵景荣,陈丽,王杰,王恒恒..柴达木盆地那棱格勒河流域地下水化学特征与形成机制研究[J].岩矿测试,2026,45(3):509-525,17.基金项目
中国地质调查局自然资源综合调查指挥中心科技创新基金项目(KC20250015) （KC20250015）
国家自然科学基金项目(42477059) （42477059）
中国地质调查局地质调查项目(DD20220958,DD20230301) （DD20220958,DD20230301）
中央高校基本科研业务费专题研究项目(2682025ZTZD007) （2682025ZTZD007）
中国地质科学院基本科研业务费项目(JKY202406) （JKY202406）
