岩矿测试2026，Vol.45Issue(3)：555-569,15.DOI:10.15898/j.ykcs.202511020264
铁锰矿物-生物炭协同固定水中硝酸盐的机制与应用进展
A Review of Mechanisms and Application Advances in the Synergistic Immobilization of Nitrate by Iron-Manganese Minerals and Biochar in Water
摘要
Abstract
Nitrate pollution in a water environment poses a serious threat to ecosystem security and human health.The existing remediation technologies generally have limitations of high cost and easily producible secondary pollution.There is an urgent need to develop efficient and sustainable nitrate treatment methods.The synergistic immobilization technology of Fe-Mn minerals/biochar composites can significantly improve the removal efficiency of nitrate through multi-mechanism coupling,which has become a research hotspot in the field of water pollution control.The synergistic mechanism of Fe-Mn minerals/biochar composites is outlined in this review,covering key processes such as surface adsorption,redox,ligand exchange and electrostatic attraction.The synergistic effects of temperature,pH,material dosage,metal ratio and coexisting ions on the immobilization effect were analyzed.The increase of temperature usually promotes the adsorption kinetics and capacity;acidic conditions are conducive to the protonation of the material surface and enhance electrostatic attraction;the dosage needs to be balanced between the overall removal rate and the unit adsorption efficiency;the optimization of metal ratios such as Fe/Mn can regulate the distribution of active sites and the reaction path;and coexisting ions produce complex interference through competitive adsorption or charge regulation.These factors are interrelated and jointly determine the suitability and effectiveness of the composite material in the actual water bodies.The application potential and existing limitations of this technology in actual water body restoration are further evaluated.Studies have shown that the Fe-Mn minerals/biochar synergistic system has the advantages of high efficiency,stability and environmental friendliness in nitrate removal,but it still faces challenges such as insufficient adaptability to actual water bodies,lack of standardization in material preparation,and uncertainty in long-term stability.It is suggested that future research should focus on the optimization of material construction strategies,the in-depth analysis of reaction mechanisms,and actively promoting the demonstration of engineering application,so as to provide a theoretical basis and technical scheme for the efficient and sustainable treatment of nitrate pollution.关键词
铁锰矿物/生物炭/硝酸盐/协同固定/水污染治理Key words
iron-manganese minerals/biochar/nitrate/synergistic immobilization/water pollution control分类
资源环境引用本文复制引用
杨凯,赵欣鑫,张少华,杨超,贾木蒙,赵佐平,文广,周桂红..铁锰矿物-生物炭协同固定水中硝酸盐的机制与应用进展[J].岩矿测试,2026,45(3):555-569,15.基金项目
陕西省自然科学基础研究计划项目(2024JC-YBQN-0255) （2024JC-YBQN-0255）
陕西省秦创原引用高层次创新创业人才项目(QCYRCXM-2023-062) （QCYRCXM-2023-062）
陕西理工大学科学研究基金项目(SLGRCQD019) （SLGRCQD019）
陕西省科技创新团队项目(2025RS-CXTD-040) （2025RS-CXTD-040）
