中国烟草科学2026，Vol.47Issue(2)：22-31,10.DOI:10.13496/j.issn.1007-5119.2026.02.004
基于小麦与蚯蚓的烟草废弃物生物炭浸出液生态毒性评估
Ecotoxicity Assessment of Leachates from Tobacco Wastes-Derived Biochar Based on Wheat and Earthworms
摘要
Abstract
To evaluate the potential environmental risks of utilizing tobacco waste as a resource,biochar was produced from tobacco waste(including stalk,stem and leaf)at pyrolysis temperatures of 300,450 and 600℃.The effects of leachates from different biochars on wheat seeds germination,seedling growth,antioxidant enzyme activities,and their acute ecotoxicity to earthworms(median lethal concentration,LC50,and mortality)were investigated.The results showed that the pH and electrical conductivity(EC)of leachates from stalk-,stem-,and leaf-derived biochars all increased with rising pyrolysis temperature.The heavy metal contents in the leachates varied depending on the feedstock and pyrolysis temperature,generally following the order:stem-derived biochar>leaf-derived biochar ≈ stalk-derived biochar.Leachates from biochar pyrolyzed at 600℃exhibited lower heavy metal concentrations.The inhibition rates of wheat seed germination,shoot length,and root length by leachates from stalk-and leaf-derived biochars intensified with increasing pyrolysis temperature.In contrast,stem-derived biochar leachates exhibited a U-shaped response,where inhibition first decreased and then increased with temperature,peaking at 600℃.At this temperature,inhibition rates for germination,shoot length,and root length reached 78.00%,92.07%,and 90.57%,respectively.The activities of catalase(CAT),peroxidase(POD),superoxide dismutase(SOD)and malondialdehyde(MDA)content in wheat seedlings were significantly increased by leachates from stem-derived biochar.The correlation analysis revealed significant relationships between the ecotoxicity of wheat seedlings and factors including pH,EC,and the concentrations of specific heavy metals(Ni,As,and Cu).The earthworm mortality increased with higher concentrations of biochar leachates and exhibited a trend of first increasing and then decreasing or stabilizing with pyrolysis temperatures.The LC50 for earthworms decreased and then stabilized with increasing pyrolysis temperature.Leachates from stem-derived biochar demonstrated the most pronounced acute toxicity to earthworms;at the pyrolysis temperature of 450℃and 600℃,the LC50 to earthworms at 24 and 48 h were the lowest,with values of 37.11 and 12.38 g/kg,respectively.In conclusion,stem-derived biochar leachates exhibited the highest ecotoxicity,which was,modulated by pyrolysis temperature.This study confirms that biochar leachates from tobacco waste possess potential ecological toxicity,the extent of which is closely associated with both the feedstock type and pyrolysis temperature.These findings provide a critical basis for environmental risk assessment in the resource utilization of tobacco waste.关键词
烟草废弃物/生物炭/热解温度/重金属/生态毒性Key words
tobacco waste/biochar/pyrolysis temperature/heavy metals/ecotoxicity分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
郜军艺,李彩斌,杨继鑫,相雨晴,高睿康,刘馥榕,肖艳松,孙希文,张龙,张继光..基于小麦与蚯蚓的烟草废弃物生物炭浸出液生态毒性评估[J].中国烟草科学,2026,47(2):22-31,10.基金项目
贵州省烟草公司毕节市公司科技项目(2023520500240162、2020520500240072、2022520500240197) （2023520500240162、2020520500240072、2022520500240197）
青岛市自然科学基金项目(23-2-1-235-zyyd-jch) （23-2-1-235-zyyd-jch）
山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2023MC137) （ZR2023MC137）
湖南省烟草公司郴州市公司科技项目(CZYC2024JS08) （CZYC2024JS08）
