摘要
Abstract
Water budget management is an institutional innovation that introduces fiscal budgeting concepts into the domain of water resources allocation.By means of total volume verification,quota allocation,dynamic adjustment,and whole-process supervision,it implements the dual control targets of total water use and water use intensity.In response to prominent issues in China's water resources management,such as insufficient refinement and lack of market mechanism synergy,Ningxia,as the first provincial-level pilot for water budget management in the country,has systematically constructed a management framework covering the entire region,building on prior water rights reform and the practice of"defining city,land,population and production by water".This paper analyzed the operational mechanism from six aspects:organizational leadership,policy and institutional framework,budgeting process,implementation promotion,reform coordination,and foundational support.The paper finds that the effective implementation of water budget management relies on three mutually reinforcing components:first,establishing institutional legitimacy through local regulations,forming a"1+N+X"whole-process standard system;second,establishing a closed-loop management process encompassing preparation,review,issuance,execution,adjustment,and final accounting,enabling the stepwise transmission from macro total volume to micro quota;third,relying on monitoring and metering networks and smart platforms to provide data foundations and decision support for budget preparation,implementation supervision,and dynamic adjustment.Practice shows that this system has significantly activated intra-year water rights trading,created an institutional response plan for the fluctuations of the Yellow River water due to wet and dry periods,and achieved zero growth in total water use while ensuring economic growth.Based on Ningxia's experience,replicable practices in both foundational and extended dimensions are distilled,providing a systematic reference for implementing water budget management in arid and water-scarce regions.关键词
水预算管理/水资源刚性约束/制度创新/宁夏/用水权改革/"四水四定"Key words
water budget management/rigid water resource constraints/institutional innovation/Ningxia/water rights reform/"defining city,land,population and production by water"分类
建筑与水利
